A5050889866- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Geological formations and processes
- Climate change and permafrost
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Landslides and related hazards
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Marine and environmental studies
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Marine animal studies overview
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Data Management and Algorithms
- Geotourism and Geoheritage Conservation
- Climate variability and models
- Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks
- Pasture and Agricultural Systems
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Building materials and conservation
Durham University
2018-2024
University of Oregon
2024
University of Glasgow
2009-2018
University of St Andrews
2011-2016
The BRITICE‐CHRONO consortium of researchers undertook a dating programme to constrain the timing advance, maximum extent and retreat British–Irish Ice Sheet between 31 000 15 years before present. campaign across Ireland Britain their continental shelves, North Sea included 1500 days field investigation yielding 18 km marine geophysical data, 377 cores sea floor sediments, geomorphological stratigraphical information at 121 sites on land; generating 690 new geochronometric ages. These...
Calculating cosmogenic-nuclide surface-exposure ages is critically dependent on a knowledge of the altitude sample site. Changes in have occurred through time as result glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), potentially altering local nuclide production rates and, therefore, ages. Here we assess impact GIA dating by calculating global time-dependent since Last Glacial Maximum using surface elevations that were corrected and uncorrected for GIA. We find magnitude effect spatially temporally...
ABSTRACT The last Scottish Ice Sheet (SIS) expanded from a pre-existing ice cap after ∼35 ka. Highland dominated, with subsequent build-up of Southern Uplands mass. Outer Hebrides, Skye, Mull, the Cairngorms and Shetland supported persistent independent centres. Expansion was accompanied by ice-divide migration switching flow directions. nourished in Scotland reached Atlantic Shelf break some sectors but only mid-shelf others, confluent Fennoscandian (FIS) North Sea Basin, extended into...
ABSTRACT The southernmost terrestrial extent of the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), which drained a large proportion last British–Irish Sheet, impinged on to Isles Scilly during Marine Isotope Stage 2. However, age this ice limit has been contested and interpretation that occurred Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains controversial. This study reports new ages using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating outwash sediments at Battery, Tresco (25.5 ± 1.5 ka), cosmogenic nuclide exposure...
This contribution documents the process of assessing quality data within a compilation legacy geochronological relating to last British-Irish Ice Sheet, task undertaken as part larger community-based project (BRITICE-CHRONO) that aims improve understanding ice sheet's deglacial evolution. As accurate reconstructions depend on available data, some form assessment is needed reliability and suitability each given age(s) in our dataset. We outline background considerations informed assurance...
ABSTRACT We present a new chronology to constrain ice‐margin retreat in the northern Irish Sea Basin. Estimates on timing of ice thinning derived from surface exposure ages for boulders summits Isle Man and south‐west Cumbria suggest that was commensurate with rapid followed short‐lived advance Ice Stream (ISIS) maximum limits Celtic Sea. This Basin fastest at 20 ka response wider calving margin, but slowed as stabilized oscillated against Man. provide first age constraints Scottish...
Abstract Predicting the future response of ice sheets to climate warming and rising global sea level is important but difficult. This especially so when fast‐flowing glaciers or streams , buffered by shelves, are grounded on beds below level. What happens these shelves removed? And how do stream surrounding sheet respond abruptly altered boundary conditions? To address questions others we present new geological, geomorphological, geophysical geochronological data from ice‐stream‐dominated NW...
Abstract We review successes and challenges from five recent subglacial bedrock drilling campaigns intended to find evidence for Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat during warm periods in the geologic past. Insights into times when polar ice sheets were smaller than present serve as guiding information modeling efforts that aim predict rate magnitude of future sea level rise would accompany major Sheet. One method provide direct timing deglaciations minimum extent prior is extract cores cosmogenic...
Rates of ice-stream retreat over decades can be determined from repeated satellite surveys and millennia by paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Centennial time scales are an important temporal gap in geological observations value process understanding evaluation numerical models. We address this developing a 3 ka 123 km series for the Irish Sea ice stream (ISIS), major outlet draining last British-Irish sheet. The Llŷn Peninsula (northwest Wales, UK) contains numerous ice-marginal indicators...
During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) marine-terminating Barra Fan Ice Stream (BFIS), a major conduit of British Irish Sheet (BIIS), drained much western Scotland and northwest Ireland with ice streaming onto continental shelf Malin Sea. The extent retreat history this stream across shelf, until now, is not well known. In particular, geochronological constraints on have thus far been restricted to deep-sea cores or terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating onshore, ages absent. To understand...
Marine terminating ice streams are a major component of contemporary sheets and likely to have fundamental influence on their future evolution concomitant contribution sea-level rise. To accurately predict this requires that modern day observations can be placed into longer-term context numerical sheet models used for making predictions validated against known former masses. New geochronological data document stepped retreat the paleo–Irish Sea Ice Stream from its Last Glacial Maximum...
ABSTRACT The offshore sector around Shetland remains one of the least well‐studied parts former British–Irish Ice Sheet with several long‐standing scientific issues unresolved. These key include (i) dominance a locally sourced ‘Shetland ice cap’ vs an invasive Fennoscandian Sheet; (ii) flow configuration and style glaciation at Last Glacial Maximum (i.e. terrestrial marine glaciation); (iii) nature confluence between Sheets; (iv) cause, rate sheet separation; (v) wider implications...
The timing and nature of changes to the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) adjacent ocean since Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is still considered somewhat uncertain in Weddell Sea region at Ronne-Filchner Shelf. This on account high regional variability ice-ocean dynamics, paired with a relative lack sedimentary data from Embayment.  Here, we present multi-proxy analysis marine gravity core GC569 (77°15’.80S, 33°27’.93W), recovered Albert Trough...
The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) formed circa 34 million years ago and is now the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth, containing an ice volume equivalent to ~52 metres global sea-level rise. Although EAIS approximately in balance today, there substantial uncertainty as sensitivity certain sectors, particularly those underlain by widespread low-lying bed topography. Wilkes Aurora Subglacial Basin catchments have notably been focus recent observation- modelling-based work, but...
Understanding how marine-based ice streams operated during episodes of deglaciation requires geochronological data that constrain both timing and changes in their flow behaviour, such as from unconstrained streaming to topographically restricted flow. We present seventeen new 10Be exposure ages glacial boulders bedrock at sites western Scotland within the area drained by Hebrides Ice Stream, a stream large proportion former British-Irish Sheet. Exposure Tiree topographic high central zone...
ABSTRACT Palaeo‐ice sheets are important analogues for understanding contemporary ice sheets, offering a record of sheet behaviour that spans millennia. There two main approaches to reconstructing palaeo‐ice sheets. Empirical reconstructions use the available glacial geological and chronological evidence estimate extent dynamics but lack direct consideration physics. In contrast, numerically modelled simulations implement physics, often quantitative comparison with empirical evidence....
Ice sheet mass loss is currently dominated by fast-flowing glaciers (ice streams) terminating in the ocean as ice shelves and resting on beds below sea level. The factors controlling ice-stream flow retreat over longer time scales (>100 years), especially role of three-dimensional bed shape strength, remain major uncertainties. We focus a former stream where trough substrate are known, or can be defined, to reconstruct history grounding-line movements 15 millennia since Last Glacial Maximum....
The Antarctic ice sheet has the potential to make a significant contribution future sea-level rise. Understanding this and making projections of mass change requires use numerical models. Confidence in model can be improved by hindcasting: testing against past changes. Robust deglacial reconstructions are also used correct satellite gravimetric measurements current for glacial isostatic adjustment processes. Here we present new ensemble post-Last Glacial Maximum deglaciation reconstructions....
Abstract We present 10 in situ cosmogenic exposure ages from two moraines on the Isle of Skye. The Strollamus medial moraine was deposited during deglaciation Devensian ice sheet and yields a mean age five samples 14.3 ± 0.9 ka. indicates that significant mass existed Skye at time regional readvance recorded Wester Ross, northwest Scotland. Taken face value suggest did not occur until well into Greenland Interstade 1. Slapin represents local limit Loch Lomond Readvance (LLR) 11.5 0.7 ka,...
ABSTRACT The BRITICE‐CHRONO Project has generated a suite of recently published radiocarbon ages from deglacial sequences offshore in the Celtic and Irish seas terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide optically stimulated luminescence adjacent onshore sites. All data are integrated here with new geochronological Wales revised Bayesian analysis that enables reconstruction ice retreat dynamics across basin. Patterns changes pace deglaciation conditioned more by topographic constraints internal than...