John Aitchison revolutionised in 1982 our way of approaching geochemical data focusing on their relative nature. In this perspective, the investigation single variables is meaningless due to entangled structure that links all parts a composition. Starting from time, several developments have characterized debate within scientific community, both applied and theoretical point view. The consequence was number papers where compositional are consistently coherently managed increased...

River ecosystems are fundamental to sustaining global water and biogeochemical cycles, as well supporting biodiversity. However, increasing pressures from human activities climate change pose significant challenges the stability of these systems. This study examines sources geochemical variability in river waters Tiber Basin (central Italy) assess system's sensitivity environmental changes, with a special focus on seasonal variations. The proposed methods combine exploration multivariate...

Background and geochemical baseline values of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in soils developed on natural or anthropogenically-affected areas are increasingly important parameters as they represent highly useful tools at local, regional, national European level. While background mostly applied to uncontaminated verify the presence high anomalous concentrations PTEs due geogenic sources, better representing those where anthropogenic activities have altered more less significantly values....

Over the last decades, groundwater resources at global level have suffered a significant deterioration due to nitrate pollution, mainly related input of agricultural fertilizers, manure, sewage, and untreated urban industrial effluents. The most impacted waters are those forming surface shallow reservoirs, which usually play key role in supplying civil, agricultural, activities. terminal portion Metauro River plain, located central Italy along Adriatic Sea coastline, hosts strategic phreatic...

Abstract In geochemical data analysis, assessing the potential of new techniques to identify compositional time–space changes is great interest for monitoring purposes. This work aims evaluate, in light analysis perspective, performance different statistical indices tracing evolution a composition and relationships among its parts. To reach this goal, source-to-sink chemical water stream sediment Tiber river (central Italy) are analyzed using three indices: (i) cumulative sum unclosed...

Nature is often characterized by systems that are far from thermodynamic equilibrium, and rivers not an exception for the Earth’s critical zone. When chemical composition of stream waters investigated, it emerges riverine behave as complex systems. This means compositions have properties depend on integrity whole (i.e., with all constituents), arise thanks to innumerable nonlinear interactions between elements composition. The presence interconnections indicates cannot be fully understood...

This study introduces a robust method for analyzing the geochemical behavior of chemical species in river catchment water. It focuses on isometric log-ratio coordinates obtained from sequential partition that successively maximizes explained variance data set. Robust orthonormal are created based hierarchical clustering and estimation variation matrix. Applying this to water chemistry Italy's Arno Tiber basins, research reveals associations variables structure processes across varying...

The distribution of geochemical species are typically either (log)normally distributed or follow power laws. Here we link these types distributions to the dynamics system that generates distributions, showing laws can emerge in dissipative systems far from equilibrium while (log)normal found for which concentrations close equilibrium. We use observations chemical composition river water sampling space central Italy as well discharge data test this interpretation. estimate dissipation rate...

The chemistry of rivers plays a crucial role in comprehending the evolution weathering processes, especially context climate change and human activities. As proceeds within river catchments, chemical concentrations tend to move towards saturation, or thermodynamic equilibrium. However, equilibrium is extremely difficult achieve an open system where matter energy are continuously exchanged. speed processes associated probability distributions values differ among geochemical species. We...

The aim of this contribution is to investigate whether the study frequency distribution, representing chemical reactions or geochemical processes, able provide useful information on dynamics affecting ground and surficial waters. To reach goal we started explore behaviour main solutes common contaminants, by means distributional analysis. In fact, shape distribution in variables reveals important about governing system that gave birth distribution. Moreover, shape, when plurimodality pointed...

Determining the background values of chemical components in environmental matrices is a difficult task. This particularly true regions where human impact due to industrial, mining, agricultural and urban activities coexists with geological (geogenic) anomaly, which influences concentration certain elements soils, waters air. In these cases, term geochemical baseline (GB) preferable, since it considers actual content that element superficial environment at given point time, including both...

The chemical composition of river waters represents an important matter investigation to understand the direction modifications environment in light climate changes and global warming. Alternation prolonged dry periods heavy flood events, as well degradation lands, modify a consequence drivers governing complex dynamics catchments where everything comes together. In this framework Compositional Data Analysis approach offers methods complexity compositional structure joint interrelationships...

The chemical composition of river waters represents an important matter investigation to understand environment modifications in response climate changes and global warming. Prolonged dry periods, heavy flood events, degradation the lands ice thawing, modify influencing drivers governing complex dynamics catchments where everything comes together. In this framework, Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) offers methods which structure water interrelationships among various components are put...

River catchments are highly complex systems characterized by several properties such as self-organization, multi-scale variability, hydraulic and topographic gradients, patchiness heterogeneity, resilience a hierarchical structure. These features, coupled with geomorphological, anthropogenic climatic drivers, expected to influence the surface water composition over different temporal spatial scales. The knowledge of these interlinks plays key role in both river basin management...