Abstract Soil moisture is an important variable in explaining hydrological processes at hillslope scale. The distribution of soil along a related to the spatial properties, topography, depth, and vegetation. In order investigate factors affecting moisture, various environmental data were collected from humid forest this study. Several (the wetness index; contributing area; local slope; depth; composition sand, silt, clay; scaling parameter; hydraulic conductivity; tree diameter breast...

This study examined the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) on urban across four cities located in three different countries (United States America, Japan, and Morocco), all at nearly same latitude, focusing summer season over period from 2003 to 2020, because previously no one attempted analyze SST land (LST). Data were acquired Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for LST evaluate correlation between SST, trends time, relationship areas LST. The novelty this lies its...

In this study, the results of intensive soil moisture monitoring and analysis are reported in order to highlight seasonal differences hydrological processes on a hillslope scale. A system for steep was designed installed monitor temporal features with respect terrain attributes. Comparison analyses two different periods, one during late autumn other spring, yielded characteristics, even though both seasons were subject similar rainfall saturation conditions. Comparative indicated that...

Abstract In this study, a soil monitoring system for hillslope with steep relief and shallow depth was designed installed to represent efficiently the spatial temporal features of moisture. The study conducted on mountainous Sulmachun catchment (northeastern South Korea). positions moisture sensors were determined through sequential procedure including intensive geomorphologic surveying area, surface subsurface terrain analysis, inverse surveying. Using 26 sensors, data from 11 locations...

Abstract. Hydrologic events can be characterized as particular combinations of hydrological processes on a hillslope scale. To configure mechanisms, we analyzed dataset using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to cluster the hydrologic based dissimilarity distances between weighting components self-organizing map (SOM). The time series soil moisture was measured at 30 points (at 10 locations with three different depths) for 356 rainfall steep, forested 2007 and 2016. features...

This paper proposes a holistic unsteady-friction model for the transient simulation of condition laminar initial flow. The effect wall shear stress is considered through introduction radial-velocity distribution with kinematic viscosity from simplified two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation. simultaneously addressed frequency-dependent friction and unsteady associated local convective acceleration on platform impulse-response method. A widely used hypothetical example demonstrated that...

Abstract A method for estimating daily mean transit time (DMTT) within a soil layer was proposed using field measurements of moisture. Vertical profiles moisture series were used storage estimation. Water fluxes evaluated through matrix and bypass flow. Variations in thickness to evaluate Exponential decay depth macropores also flow approximation. DMTT evaluation compared results obtained from stable water isotope model two years data acquired on steep granite hillslope the Sulmachun...

Modeling an unsteady flow is important problem in pressurized pipeline systems. Depending on the dimensions and properties of fluid material, generation hydraulic transient issues their spatiotemporal variation patterns can be different. To address water hammer without scale systems, this study developed a dimensionless impedance method (DIM). The existing partial differential equations mass, momentum, energy conservation were converted into corresponding equations. solutions proposed...

Residual chlorine concentration decreases along distribution networks because of factors such as water quality, physical properties the pipeline, and hydraulic conditions. Hydraulic conditions are primarily governed by transient events generated valve modulation or pumping action. We investigate impact on rate decay under various flow To comprehensively compare performance existing models, 14 candidate models for were used Two-dimensional (2D) analysis was conducted to unknown processes...

A waterhammer model was proposed to simulate a transient event with cavitation in simple pipeline system. The governing equations for quasi-two-dimensional were solved through hybrid scheme of the method characteristics and finite difference considering relationship between pressure head reduction cavitation. An alternative address boundary condition two-dimensional proposed, which improved stability existing approaches. comparison longitudinal radial velocity profiles models exhibited...

The reduction of residual chlorine concentration in water distribution systems depends on hydraulic conditions. Prediction models for decay system were based an assumption steady flow. In actual systems, the flow condition is frequently governed by transients generated through valve control or pumping action. can be affected pressure variations from hammer events, but there have been few studies impact transient concentration. A pilot-scale pipeline and automatic generating device was...

The active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar consists of many transmit/receive (T/R) modules and is used to track missiles approaching destroyers fighters. performance the AESA depends on T/R module temperature. temperature should be maintained under 80 °C guarantee radar. In order match design requirements cooling system radar, it necessary evaluate according various operation/installation environments. this study, computational fluid analysis was performed by changing number...

Abstract An integrated flow determination algorithm is proposed to calculate the spatial distribution of topographic index channel network. The advantages a single direction and other multiple schemes are selectively considered in order address drawbacks existing algorithms. A spatially varying apportioning factor introduced distribute contributing area from upslope cells downslope cells. initiation threshold concept expanded into distributed delineate realistic functional relationships...