Because membrane fusion is a crucial step in the process by which enveloped viruses invade host cells, inhibitors can be effective drugs against viruses. We found that surfactin from Bacillus subtilis suppress proliferation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV) epithelial cells at relatively low concentration range (15 to 50 μg/ml), without cytotoxicity or viral disruption. Membrane inhibition experiments demonstrate treatment significantly...

Surfactin has antiviral activity against various enveloped viruses by inhibiting viral membrane fusion. However, the potential utility of surfactin as an drug is limited its cytotoxicity. In this study, 10 analogues were obtained chemical synthesis and evaluated to determine their anti-PEDV activities, hemolytic critical micelle concentrations. The main goal our study was develop a safer drug; analogue with high low activity. Compared surfactin, one we developed, SLP5, lower activity, same...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) mainly infects the intestinal epithelial cells of newborn piglets causing acute, severe atrophic enteritis. The underlying mechanisms PEDV infection and reasons why are more susceptible than older pigs remain incompletely understood. Iron deficiency is common in piglets. Here we found that high levels transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) distributed apical tissue villi newborns, intracellular iron influence susceptibility to PEDV. We show induced by...

Goblet cells and their secreted mucus are important elements of the intestinal mucosal barrier, which allows host to resist invasion by pathogens. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteric virus that causes severe diarrhea in pigs large economic losses pork producers worldwide. To date, molecular mechanisms PDCoV regulates function differentiation goblet disrupts barrier remain be determined. Here, we report newborn piglets, infection barrier: specifically, there villus...

ABSTRACT Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging coronavirus causing economic losses to swine industries worldwide. PDCoV can infect chickens under laboratory conditions, usually with no symptoms or mild symptoms, and may cause outbreaks in backyard poultry wildfowl, posing a potential risk of significant loss the commercial industry. However, reasons for such subdued reaction after infection are not known. Here, using chicken intestinal organoid monolayers, we found that although...

Introduction Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus with worldwide distribution, mainly infects newborn piglets severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and even death, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry. However, underlying pathogenic mechanisms of PDCoV infection effects on host transcripts metabolites remain incompletely understood. Methods This study investigated a combined transcriptomic metabolomic analysis porcine intestinal...

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and associated with a number other diseases. PCV2 widely distributed in most developed swine industries, severe economic burden. With an eye to developing effective, safe, convenient vaccine against PCV2-associated diseases, we have constructed recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain (B. subtilis-Cap) that expresses capsid protein (Cap).Electroporation plasmid shuttle vector encoding Cap...

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), the etiologic agent of transmissible gastroenteritis, infects swine all ages causing vomiting and diarrhea, in newborn piglets mortality rate is near 100%. Intestinal epithelial cells are primary target TGEV. Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which highly expressed with anemia, may play a role TGEV infection. However, underlying mechanism invasion remains largely unknown.Our study investigated possibility that TfR1 can serve as for infection enables...

Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), a probiotic bacterium and feeding additive, is widely used for heterologous antigen expression protective immunisation. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) invades swine via mucosal tissue. To enhance the immune response to PEDV, we modified B. express PEDV it as vaccine delivery system. Initially, constructed recombinant strain (B.s-RCL) that expressed spike protein L-Lectin-β-GF, with goal of inducing secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) anti-PEDV serum G...

Abstract OBJECTIVE Porcine interferon-γ (poIFN-γ) and porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (poGM-CSF) are multifunctional cytokines that exhibit robust antiviral activity against reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In this study, the immunoadjuvant effects of recombinant poIFN-γ-poGM-CSF fusion protein in inactivated PRRSV vaccine administered to piglets were assessed. ANIMALS Twenty-eight 4-week-old specific pathogen-free piglets. METHODS The experimental...

To prevent H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) and Avian metapneumonovirus/C (aMPV/C) infections, we constructed recombinant aMPV/C viruses expressing the HA protein of AIV. In addition, EGFP was inserted into intermediate non-coding region P-M in genome using a reverse genetic system. The conditions for rescuing were enhanced followed by insertion AIV gene same location aMPV/C. raMPV/C-HA expressed showed good stability. Immunization chicks with increased generation neutralizing antibodies...

This study investigated the capability for fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae with mechanism of FCS isolated from green and purple sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (G-FCS P-FCS). HPGPC determined that mean molecular weight purified G-FCS P-FCS is 19.5 18.8 kDa, FT-IR spectrum displayed similar characteristic absorption peaks. AFM images presented was shown as a spherical polysaccharide, while molecules exhibited elongated chains. For examination, increased regrowth area larval at 48...

To characterize the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related gene expression profiles in various tissues of Meishan pigs at different stages, m6A modification-related genes (METTL3, METTL14, METTL16, WTAP, RBM15, and FTO) were detected from newborn to physical maturity eight important developmental stages (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 134, 158 days old). The m6A-related was tissue-specific. Furthermore, level METTL3 messenger RNA (mRNA) higher on day 35 than other most [...]

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a coronavirus that infects piglets with severe diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, and even death, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry. The underlying pathogenesis of TGEV infection effects on host metabolites remain poorly understood. To investigate critical regulatory factors during in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), we performed metabolomic transcriptomic analyses TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 by LC/MS RNA-seq techniques. A...

Abstract Porcine interferon γ (poIFN-γ) and porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(poGM-CSF) are multi-functional cytokines that have previously been shown to exhibit robust antiviral activity against reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). However, it remains be established as whether a recombinant poIFN-γ-poGM-CSF fusion protein prepared in prokaryotic expression system offers value an adjuvant when administered with the PRRSV killed vaccine (KV). In present...

Duck virus enteritis (DVE), caused by the DVE (DVEV), is an acute, septicemic, and contagious disease affecting ducks of different breeds, ages, sexes. In late spring summer 2019, several outbreaks were reported in areas with large waterfowl industries central southern China. A goose farm located Jining County, Shandong Province, was impacted acute outbreak July 2019. The causative DVEV field strain (Goose/DVEV/SDJN/China/2019) subsequently isolated from liver specimens collected cases dead...