Abstract DNA methylation is a ubiquitous chromatin feature, present in 25% of cytosines the maize genome, but variation and evolution landscape during domestication remain largely unknown. Here, we leverage whole-genome sequencing (WGS) bisulfite (WGBS) data on populations modern maize, landrace, teosinte ( Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) to estimate epimutation rates selection coefficients. We find weak evidence for direct any context, thousands differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are...

Background/Aims: Juvenile myopia is a serious problem in China, the prevalence of which stays at high level and shows an upward trend.The target this study was to explore factors associated with Chinese children.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis random sample survey conducted Beijing 2008.The data collected from 15,316 school students aged 6 18 years, randomly selected 19 schools were evaluated, including noncycloplegic refraction possible genetic, environmental behavioral factors, key...

In large complex plant genomes, RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) ensures that epigenetic silencing is maintained at the boundary between genes and flanking transposable elements. maize, RdDM dependent on Mediator of Paramutation1 (Mop1), a gene encoding putative RNA polymerase. Here we show although essential for maintenance silenced MuDR transposon in loss does not result restoration activity. Instead, heritable by histone modifications. At one terminal inverted repeat (TIR) this...

The psychological traits of cosmetic surgery patients (CSP) are important for selecting and postoperative patient satisfaction. A patient's self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-assessment affect his or her motivation surgery, but the association among these remains unclear, especially in Asian population. To clarify a traits, decision to undergo effectiveness facial on conditions young, female Chinese patients. Three different groups young women (aged 18-30 years) from Plastic Surgery Hospital,...

Meiotic recombination is a fundamental process that generates genetic diversity and ensures the accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes. While great deal known about factors regulate recombination, relatively little epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation. In maize, we examined effects on meiotic mutation in component RNA-directed methylation pathway, Mop1 (Mediator paramutation1), well trans-acting small interference RNA biogenesis Lbl1 (Leafbladeless1). MOP1 particular interest...

Every DNA segment in a eukaryotic genome normally replicates once and only per cell cycle to maintain stability. We show here that this restriction can be bypassed through alternative transposition, transposition reaction utilizes the termini of two separate, nearby transposable elements (TEs). Our results suggest during S phase induce re-replication TEs their flanking sequences. The spontaneously abort generate double-strand breaks, which repaired Composite Insertions composed transposon...

Abstract The maize Ac/Ds transposon family was the first transposable element system identified and characterized by Barbara McClintock. transposons belong to hAT of class II DNA transposons. We others have shown that elements can undergo a process alternative transposition in which transposase acts on termini two separate, nearby Because these are present different elements, generate variety genome alterations such as inversions, duplications, deletions, translocations. Moreover, transpose...

Objective: To evaluate the association between sleeping time and myopia in children. Methods: The data from 15316 Chinese school students aged 6 to 18 years 19 randomized schools Beijing city including cycloplegicrefractor possible genetic, environmental behavioral habitrisk factors (parental myopia, parental education, reading or writing distance, hours of sports,hoursof watching TV using computer, sleeping)were evaluated explore key risk for myopia. Univariate multiplelogisticregression...

Abstract Trans-chromosomal interactions resulting in changes DNA methylation during hybridization have been observed several plant species. However, little is known about the causes or consequences of these interactions. Here, we compared methylomes F1 hybrids that are mutant for a small RNA biogenesis gene, Mop1 (Mediator paramutation1), with their parents, wild-type siblings, and backcrossed progeny maize (Zea mays). Our data show triggers global both trans-chromosomal (TCM) demethylation...

Although transposable elements (TEs) comprise a major fraction of many higher eukaryotic genomes, most TEs are silenced by host defense mechanisms. The means which otherwise active recognized and remains poorly understood. Here we analyzed two independent cases spontaneous silencing the maize

DNA methylation is a ubiquitous chromatin feature — in maize, more than 25% of cytosines the genome are methylated. Recently, major progress has been made describing molecular mechanisms driving methylation, yet variation and evolution landscape during maize domestication remain largely unknown. Here we leveraged whole-genome sequencing (WGS) whole bisulfite (WGBS) on populations modern landrace, teosinte ( Zea mays ssp. parviglumis ) to investigate adaptive phenotypic consequences...

Abstract Eukaryotic Macrotransposons (MTns) can be formed by 2 nearby elements flanking a segment of host DNA. The maize Ac transposon form Ac::MTns, but little is known about Ac::MTn transposition activities. Here, we studied 3 Ac::MTns at the p1 locus, each which composed genomic DNA (up to 15 kb) bounded fractured element (fAc, 2039 bp), and full-length in direct orientation. resulting are 16, 16.5, 22 kb total length. From these identified 10 independent cases macrotransposition,...

Abstract Trans -chromosomal interactions resulting in changes DNA methylation during hybridization have been observed several plant species. However, very little is known about the causes or consequences of these interactions. Here, we compared methylomes F1 hybrids that are mutant for a small RNA biogenesis gene, Mop1 ( mediator paramutation1 ) with their parents, wild type siblings, and backcrossed progeny maize. Our data show triggers global both trans (TCM) demethylation (TCdM), most...

Abstract In large complex plant genomes, RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) ensures that epigenetic silencing is maintained at the boundary between genes and flanking transposable elements. maize, RdDM dependent on Modifer of Paramutation 1 ( Mop1 ), a putative RNA polymerase. Here we show although essential for maintenance silenced MuDR transposon in loss does not result restoration activity. Instead, heritable by histone modifications. At one terminal inverted repeat (TIR) this element,...

Existing accounts on the relationship between discourse salience and choice of referring expression differ in what they view as relevant factors that establish entities more or less salient. In this paper, saliency is treated a gradient relative cognitive property reflected by partial order among set candidate referents dynamically updated attentional state. To be specific, I will focus three linguistic properties have been claimed to influence weight English: information status ,...

Objective To explore the principle of treatment and monitoring uterine apoplexy induced by placental abruption. Methods Fifty - three cases with abruption in our hospital recent 5 years were analyzed retrospectively. Explored corresponding measures relating clinic. Results Among 53 apo-plexy which had cesarean section to make pregnancy end timely took fetus out,after handling properly,42 retained uterus,7 subtotal hysterectomy be-cause hematorrhea difficult control ,4 total because big area...

3,344 Children aged between 10 to 16 years from grade 4 were recruited explore potential explanatory variables of low self-esteem among rural school-aged children in China. The results showed that the RSE scores slightly higher for girls than boys and academic achievement didn't contribute A lower height Z-scores resulted a girls, SE was associated with Z-score less -1 versus more (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.19-2.38, P=0.003). findings indicated it BMI rather weight significantly China under premise...