Concerns over fake news have triggered a renewed interest in various forms of media literacy. Prevailing expectations posit that literacy interventions help audiences to be “inoculated” against any harmful effects misleading information. This study empirically investigates such assumptions by assessing whether individuals with greater (media, information, news, and digital literacies) are better at recognizing which these literacies most relevant. The results reveal information literacy—but...

Achieving human-like driving behaviors in complex open-world environments is a critical challenge autonomous driving. Contemporary learning-based planning approaches such as imitation learning methods often struggle to balance competing objectives and lack of safety assurance,due limited adaptability inadequacy multi-modal commonly exhibited human planning, not mention their strong reliance on the fallback strategy with predefined rules. We propose novel transformer-based Diffusion Planner...

We report on an investigation of behavioral differences between users in difficult and easy search tasks. Behavioral factors that can be used real-time to predict task difficulty are identified. User data was collected a controlled lab experiment (n=38) where each participant completed four tasks the genomics domain. looked at user behaviors obtained by systems three levels, distinguished time point when measurements done. They are: 1) first-round level beginning search, 2) accumulated...

User domain knowledge affects search behaviors and success. Predicting a user's level from implicit evidence such as could allow an adaptive information retrieval system to better personalize its interaction with users. This study examines whether user can be predicted by applying regression modeling analysis method. We identify behavioral features that contribute most successful prediction model. A experiment was conducted 40 participants searching on task topics in the of genomics....

Personalization of information retrieval tailors search towards individual users to meet their particular needs by taking into account about and contexts, often through implicit sources evidence such as user behaviors. This study looks at users' dwelling behavior on documents several contextual factors: the stage work tasks, task type, knowledge topics, explore whether or not factors could help infer document usefulness from dwell time. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted with...

Personalization of information retrieval (PIR) is aimed at tailoring a search toward individual users and user groups by taking account additional about besides their queries. In the past two decades or so, PIR has received extensive attention in both academia industry. This article surveys literature personalization text retrieval, following framework for aspects factors that can be used personalization. The consists explicitly obtained asking preferences, implicitly inferred from users'...

Abstract This study explores the effect of task difficulty on search behavior changes for users with high and low domain knowledge. A user experiment (n=40) was conducted using 5 tasks. Participants rated their knowledge MeSH terms (n=409) were divided into two levels. Three tasks designed to be difficult very few relevant documents returned by our system easy, many returned. Our results showed that in Difficult tasks, spent significantly longer dwell time result pages visited more content...

Knowing, in real time, whether a current searcher an information retrieval system finds the search task difficult can be valuable for tailoring system's support that searcher. This study investigated searcher's behaviors at different stages of process; they are: 1) first-round point beginning search, right before searchers issued their second query; 2) middle point, when proceeded to process, and 3) end finished whole task. We compared how behavioral features calculated these three points...

Abstract Searching for information is often driven by some work tasks that involve use and require certain types of outcomes other than finding information. To explore how search systems can help with calls examining factors influence task performance. A 3‐stage controlled lab experiment was conducted 24 participants, each coming 3 times to on sub‐tasks a general task, couched either as “parallel” or “dependent” type. The full write report the topic, interim documents produced sub‐task....

There are many Web-based platforms where people could share user-generated content such as reviews, posts, blogs, and tweets. However, online communities social networks expanding so rapidly that it is impossible for to digest all the information. To help users obtain information more efficiently, both interface data access representation need be improved. An intuitive personalized interface, a dialogue system, an ideal assistant, which engages user in continuous garner user's interest,...

As a significant contextual factor in information search, topic knowledge has been gaining increased research attention. We report on study of the relationship between searchers' and their search behaviors, an attempt to predict from behaviors during search. Data were collected controlled laboratory experiment with 32 undergraduate journalism student participants, each searching 4 tasks different types. In general, behavioral variables not found have differences users high low levels...

A situation-specific case study was conducted to identify health information services and technology access during after the October 2015 catastrophic flooding in South Carolina. Using a framework for risk communication preparedness implementation recommended by public experts, this investigates libraries their legitimacy as partners of agencies disaster. The methodology includes focus group meetings one-on-one interview. Preliminary results reveal essential needs. It is that be proactively...

In this paper, we examined why information searchers perceive search tasks as difficult, and what factors/reasons make them difficult. We also if task difficulty reasons vary across different (task types). Data was collected through a controlled laboratory experiment in which were designed following classification scheme. A total of 32 undergraduate students participated, each given 4 tasks, they asked questionnaires both before after the for ratings gave those ratings. developed coding...

Abstract While search behavior using dynamic query suggestions is understudied, it virtually non‐existent for results (as currently experienced with Google Instant). We report from a controlled lab study aimed at exploring the effects of these recent interface developments – and on users' behaviors. Based availability two features, 36 participants were assigned to three conditions asked complete an exploratory task. Analyses user behaviors conducted based log data, screen videos, eye...

Abstract This paper reports on an examination of why information searchers find search tasks difficult and the specific reasons they feel difficult. Data was collected through a controlled laboratory experiment with 32 participants, each working 4 tasks. They were asked in questionnaires, both before after tasks, for task difficulty ratings their reasoning giving those ratings. We developed coding scheme based users gave, which covered various aspects task, user, user‐task interaction. helps...

In this paper, we present a framework which harvests grassroots-generated data from the Web (e.g., reviews, blogs), extracts latent information these data, and provides multimodal interface for review browsing inquiring. A prescription-drug domain system is implemented under framework. Patient-provided drug reviews were collected various health-related forums, significant side effects correlated to each type identified with association algorithms. web-based spoken dialogue was allow users...

Abstract Studies have shown that cognitive styles some impacts on user performance in various types of systems. The current study focused the effects users' information‐seeking task between an information visualization system and a generic system. Thirty‐two graduate students participated controlled laboratory experiment. Each them completed extended style analysis ‐ wholistic analytic test (Extended CSA‐WA test) style, then conducted eight search tasks, four analytical aspectual, one two...

This article reports on a study that aimed at simplifying search task difficulty reason scheme. Liu, Kim, and Creel (2015) (denoted LKC15) developed 21‐item scheme using controlled laboratory experiment. The current simplified the through another experiment followed same design as LKC15 involved 32 university students. had one added questionnaire item provided list of 21 reasons in multiple‐choice format. By comparing with LKC15, concept primary top was proposed, which reasonably to an...

ABSTRACT Information search, quite often, is not an isolated activity, but accompanied by the use of located information to generate some outcome. Frequently seen are “complex” tasks that consist multiple aspects and can be divided into sub‐tasks and/or finished in sessions. This paper explores how search systems may help users with their multi‐aspect examining whether, user knowledge task structure play roles leading better work performance. A 3‐session lab experiment was conducted 24...