Direct interband magneto-optical transitions have been observed in pure $n$-type InSb at liquid-helium temperature using magnetic fields up to 96.5 kG. The theory of the levels valence and conduction bands zone center is carried out a modification method Luttinger Kohn. interaction between has treated exactly, effect higher order ${k}^{2}$. Selection rules evaluated for both allowed ($\ensuremath{\Delta}n=0, \ensuremath{-}2$) warping-induced ($\ensuremath{\Delta}n=2,...

Magnetoreflection associated with ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ interband transitions has been observed. The data provide strong evidence that HgTe the inverted band structure of gray tin. By fitting to coupled ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ theory it is found...

Direct interband magneto-optical transitions have been observed in bulk and epitaxial films of InAs with magnetic fields up to 100 kOe. The results are interpreted using a modification the method Luttinger Kohn which includes effects nonparabolic conduction light-hole bands, warping valence bands. following band parameters at k=0 obtained for $T\ensuremath{\sim}20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K: conduction-band effective mass ${m}_{c}=0.0240{m}_{0}$; ${m}_{\mathrm{lh}}=0.026{m}_{0}$;...

Pump-probe transmission experiments have been performed on PbSe above the fundamental absorption edge near 4 \ensuremath{\mu}m in temperature range 30 to 300 K, using Dutch ps free-electron laser. For temperatures below 200 K and carrier densities threshold for stimulated emission, recombination represents most efficient mechanism with relatively fast kinetics 50--100-ps regime, good agreement earlier reports of photoluminescent emission. Above this Auger dominates, coefficient C is...

The quantum cascade laser provides one possible method of realizing high efficiency light emitters in indirect band gap materials such as silicon. Electroluminescence results from Si/SiGe are presented demonstrating edge emission heavy-hole to transitions and light-hole transitions. In surface-normal emission, only electroluminescence is observed predicted by theory. Intersubband demonstrated at 2.9 THz (103 μm wavelength), 8.9 (33.7 μm), 16.2 (18.5 μm) the heterostructures.

We report the direct observation of a bottleneck in electron cooling wide GaAs quantum wells. Intersubband lifetimes \ensuremath{\tau} and their dependence on intensity, lattice temperature ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{L}}$ , well width have been measured using ps excite-probe technique wells with subband separation less than longitudinal optical (LO) phonon energy. Above an about ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{e}}$ =35 K lifetime depends is determined by LO-phonon emission. Below this acoustic phonons...

It is shown that a three-band, nonparabolic, model for zinc-blende semiconductors provides universal curve the frequency dependence of two-photon coefficient, whose magnitude differs between by factor ${({E}_{g}{^{3}n_{p}}^{2})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Good agreement obtained with reported coefficients at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K InSb, ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cd}}_{x}\mathrm{Te}$, GaAs, and CdTe.

Direct interband magneto-optical transitions have been observed at k=0 in InSb using the reflection technique 1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In addition to normal spectral structure associated with allowed transitions, some strong features "extra" produced both by warping and linear-in-k splitting of valence band InSb. An unambiguous assignment origin these has made a study anisotropy spectra [with magnetic field H (110) crystal plane] left right circularly polarized light. With...

The problems of maximum allowable cone incidence and peak shift with angle have been examined both theoretically experimentally for multilayer Fabry–Perot interference filters. It is shown that effects can be characterized by a monolayer an effective refractive index. Explicit expressions the index (which intermediate between high low components), transmission, half-width are given. method extended to case double-half-wave filters, deduced.

One of the great successes quantum physics is description long-lived Rydberg states atoms and ions. The Bohr model equally applicable to donor impurity in semiconductor physics, where conduction band corresponds vacuum, loosely bound electron orbiting a singly charged core has hydrogen-like spectrum according usual Bohr–Sommerfeld formula, shifted far-infrared because small effective mass high dielectric constant. Manipulation free ions by single multiphoton processes been tremendously...

The principal techniques for obtaining tunable laser radiation from the near-ultraviolet to infrared region of spectrum are reviewed both point view their fundamental physical principles and state-of-the-art device operation technology. An attempt has been made give a comprehensive account most recent applications these techniques. term lasers is arbitrarily defined mean which broadly over 100 cm-1 or more, includes dye lasers, optical parametric oscillators, spin-flip Raman semiconductor...

The reflectance of EuO from above the Curie point at 69\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K down to 1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K shows splittings in two main peaks near 1.5 and 4.7 eV. first peak is a polarization-dependent triplet doublet 70\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. data suggest that 1.5-eV associated with absorption edge arises transition $4{f}^{7}(^{8}S_{\frac{7}{2}})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4{f}^{6}(^{7}F_{J})5d({t}_{2g})$. narrow ${t}_{2g}$ sub-band exchange split...

Laboratory spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen in a magnetic flux density 105 T (1 gigagauss), the maximum observed on high-field white dwarfs, is impossible because practically available fields are about thousand times less. In this regime, cyclotron and binding energies become equal. Here we demonstrate Lyman series spectra for phosphorus impurities silicon up to equivalent field, which scaled 32.8 by effective mass dielectric constant. The reproduce theory free hydrogen, with quadratic Zeeman...

Stimulated spin-flip Raman scattering with output peak power as high ∼ 1 kW has been obtained from n-type InSb (ne ≃ 2 × 1016 cm−3) pumped 10.6-μ radiation a pulsed high-pressure CO2 laser. The is tunable 11.2 to 12.8 μ magnetic fields 25 100 kG. threshold intensity for stimulated measured be low 4 104 W/cm2, which more than one order of magnitude lower those reported earlier. (∼ kW) in the Stokes line excites second 12.0 14.6 several watts. In addition, anti-Stokes line, 10.0 9.0 μ, 30 W observed.

An infrared electroreflectance technique has been used to observe magneto-optical effects associated with direct valence- conduction-band transitions in Ge, GaSb, and InSb.Received 27 July 1966DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.17.643©1966 American Physical Society

Under oblique incidence of circularly polarized infrared radiation the spin-galvanic effect (SGE) has been unambiguously observed in (001)-grown n-type GaAs quantum well structures absence any external magnetic field. Resonant intersubband transitions have obtained making use tunability free-electron laser FELIX. A microscopic theory SGE for developed, which is good agreement with experimental findings.

The frequency dependence of two-photon absorption is measured over a wide range in InSb and ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{0.78}$${\mathrm{Cd}}_{0.22}$Te, showing good agreement with nonparabolic-band perturbation calculation divergence from "tunneling" theory. Associated photoconductivity measurements, required the analysis, confirm that Auger scattering dominant process at room temperature $n$-InSb, but low temperatures have yielded direct value lifetime $\ensuremath{\tau}(77 \mathrm{K})=143$ ns for...

We report Larmor precession in bulk InSb observed the time domain from $77\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The optically oriented polarization precesses coherently even at $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. inferred Zeeman spin splitting is strongly nonparabolic, and electron $g$ factor $({g}^{*})$ good agreement with $\mathbf{k}∙\mathbf{p}$ theory (provided we take only dilational contribution to change energy...

Two-photon absorption measurements on InSb, obtained with a single mode hybrid CO2 laser, have been analysed, taking into account the fact that laser is Gaussian in space and effect of free-hole temporal profile. The dependence wavelength two-photon coefficient at room temperature (K2=8 cm(MW)-1 for 10.6 mu m K2=14 9.6 pumping) agrees well new calculation including non-parabolic bands. A similar measurement Hg0.78Cd0.22Te (K2=14.0 consistent this.

Background: Cognitive Muscular TherapyTM (CMT) is an integrated behavioural intervention developed for knee osteoarthritis.CMT teaches patients to reconceptualise the condition, integrates muscle biofeedback and aims reduce overactivity, both in response pain during daily activities.This nested qualitative study explored patient physiotherapist perspectives experiences of CMT.Methods: Five physiotherapists were trained follow a well-defined protocol then delivered CMT at least two with...