This paper investigates liveness detection techniques in the area of eye movement biometrics. We investigate a specific scenario, which an impostor constructs artificial replica human eye. Two attack scenarios are considered: 1) does not have access to biometric templates representing authentic users, and instead utilizes average anatomical values from relevant literature 2) gains complete database, is able employ exact for each individual. In this paper, performed at feature match score...

A novel biometrics approach that performs authentication via the internal non-visible anatomical structure of an individual human eye is proposed and evaluated. To provide authentication, method estimates characteristics oculomotor plant (comprising globe, its muscles brain's control signals). The estimation (OPC) achieved by analyzing recorded movement trajectories a 2D linear homeomorphic mathematical representation plant. derived OPC allow various statistical methods information fusion...

A novel approach that performs liveness detection for biometric modalities use eye movement signal person identification is proposed and evaluated. Liveness done via estimation analysis of the internal non-visible anatomical structure human termed Oculomotor Plant Characteristics (OPC). At this stage its development OPC targets prevention spoof attacks are generated by accurate mechanical replicas eye. We generalize test two classes such their mathematical representations. Specifically, we...

This paper presents the results of first eye movement verification and identification competition. The work provides background, discusses previous research, describes datasets methods used in highlight importance very careful positional data capture to ensure meaningfulness outcomes. discussion about metrics scores that can assist evaluation captured quality is provided. Best varied range from 58.6% 97.7% depending on dataset employed for identification. Additionally, this possible future...

Growing efforts have been concentrated on the development of alternative biometric recognition strategies, intended goal to increase accuracy and counterfeit-resistance existing systems without increased cost. In this paper, we propose evaluate a novel approach using three fundamentally different traits captured by same camera sensor. Considered include: 1) internal, non-visible, anatomical properties human eye, represented Oculomotor Plant Characteristics (OPC); 2) visual attention...

The flow developed behind shock wave transmitted through a screen or perforated plat is initially highly unsteady and nonuniform. It contains multiple reflections interactions with vortices shed from the open spaces of barrier. present paper studies experimentally theoretically/numerically pattern resulted interaction an incident few different types barriers, all having same porosity but geometries. shown that in investigated cases downstream barrier can be divided into two zones. Due...

This article assesses the ability of a two-dimensional (2D) linear homeomorphic oculomotor plant mathematical model to simulate normal human saccades on 2D plane. The proposed is driven by simplified pulse-step neuronal control signal and makes use simplifications account for unique characteristics eye globe extraocular muscles responsible horizontal vertical movement. nature sacrifices some anatomical accuracy computational speed analytic tractability, may be implemented as two...

The widespread use of computers throughout modern society introduces the necessity for usable and counterfeit-resistant authentication methods to ensure secure access personal resources such as bank accounts, e-mail, social media. Current require tedious memorization lengthy pass phrases, are often prone shouldersurfing, may be easily replicated (either by counterfeiting parts human body or guessing an token based on readily available information). This paper describes preliminary work...

This article proposes and evaluates a novel biometric approach utilizing the internal, nonvisible, anatomical structure of human eye. The proposed method estimates properties oculomotor plant from measurable eye movements, two-dimensional linear homeomorphic model plant. derived are evaluated within framework to determine their efficacy in both verification identification scenarios. results suggest that physical capable achieving 20.3% equal error rate 65.7% rank-1 on high-resolution...

This paper presents a template aging study of eye movement biometrics, considering three distinct biometric techniques on multiple stimuli and tracking systems. Short-to-midterm effects are examined over two-weeks, highresolution system, seven-months, low-resolution system. We find that, in all cases, evident as early two weeks after initial collection, with an average 28% (±19%) increase equal error rates 34% (±12%) reduction rank-1 identification rates. At seven months, we observe 18%...

This paper presents an objective evaluation of the effects environmental factors, such as stimulus presentation and eye tracking specifications, on biometric accuracy oculomotor plant characteristic biometrics. examines largest known data set for movement biometrics, with movements recorded from 323 subjects over multiple sessions. Six spatial precision tiers (0.01°, 0.11°, 0.21°, 0.31°, 0.41°, 0.51°), six temporal resolution (1000, 500, 250, 120, 75, 30 Hz), three types (horizontal, random,...

The usage of eye tracking sensors is expected to grow in virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR) platforms. Provided that users these platforms consent employing captured movement signals for authentication health assessment, it becomes important estimate oculomotor plant brain function characteristics real time. This paper shows a path toward goal by presenting parallel processing architecture capable estimating comparing its performance single-threaded implementation. Results show the...

An algorithm for the generation of an optimal cluster multiple-beam antenna system from array radiators, based on solution optimization problems with implementation given radiation characteristic by minimizing square deviation directional pattern, is described.

The basic conceptions of stereo projections processing: epilines, epipoles, essential and fundamental matrixes are described. algorithms for a matrix computation from the correspondent point coordinates images discussed. efficiency robust algorithm is illustrated by practical example