Eight states currently have bans on affirmative action, yet little research has focused the characteristics of that predict ban adoption. To begin filling this gap in literature, I conduct discrete-time survival analysis an aggregated data set 47 from 1995 to 2012 investigate extent which various a state its likelihood adopting statewide action ban. Results show scarcity access public flagship institutions and policy diffusion are associated with Aligning racial threat findings suggest these...

Measuring race and ethnicity for administrative data sets then analyzing these to understand racial/ethnic disparities present many logistical theoretical challenges. In this chapter, we conduct a synthetic review of studies on how effectively measure race/ethnicity purposes utilize measures in analyses. Recommendations based synthesis include combining the Hispanic with broader allowing individuals select more than one race/ethnicity. Data collection should rely self-reports but could be...

Abstract: State funding for public higher education institutions is crucial in supporting college access and completion, particularly among students from historically under-represented groups, yet little known about the mechanisms that states use to allocate funds how they are affected by financial challenges. This article provides first detailed longitudinal typology of state strategies, focusing on formula volatility equity. We find a gradual shift toward models include combination...

Many education policy researchers have turned to critical analysis as a means better understand and examine injustices in beyond. However, such work is still uncommon educational journals. In this introduction, we describe the purposes of special issue offer readers framework for understanding approaches research, its general tenets, how it differs from other kinds research. We then outline contributions articles issue. highlight analytic moves that all can make based on research tenets...

The media discourse on student loans plays a significant role in the way that policy actors conceptualize challenges and potential solutions related to debt. This study examines language explicitly indicates race racism loan articles published eight major newspapers from 2006 2021. We found 18% of use any this language, though has accelerated since 2018. increase appears driven by terms denote groups people instead structural problems, with 8% mentioning “Black” racialized context but less...

This analysis focuses on the college completion gap between underrepresented minority students and White students, or Hispanic -White Black racial gaps, given unprecedented demographic growth of these populations in United States as well nation's public K -12 schools postsecondary institutions. Using a variance decomposition method, we find that precollege characteristics (a combination individual high school context factors) contribute upward 61% total for both compared with their student...

For years, discussions on inequality in college admissions have addressed standardized tests, but less is known about nonstandardized components of applications. We analyzed extracurricular activity descriptions 6,054,104 applications submitted through the Common Application using natural language processing methods. Overall, White, Asian American, wealthier, and private-school students reported more activities, top-level leadership roles, distinctive accomplishments (e.g., honors awards)....

Since the original unveiling of I, Too, Am Harvard campaign, which highlighted students' experiences with racially based microaggressions on Harvard's campus, more than 40 other student-led initiatives have developed their own similar campaigns. We used data 4-year public and private, not-for-profit institutions during a 5-year period from Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System to investigate institutional characteristics that predict birth an initiative. did not find evidence racial...

High payments and default on undergraduate debt have consequences; they are of national concern if aversion to deters students from making optimal postbaccalaureate decisions educational aspirations, enrollment, early-career occupation. I conducted two semi-structured interviews, near graduation six months later, with recent graduates an HBCU who borrowed at some point in their career were required complete federal exit counseling. found that the relationship between decision-making is...

States provide substantial support for higher education through appropriations to public colleges and universities that can be used maintain relatively low tuition levels funds financial aid. Higher often receives disproportionate cuts during recessionary periods, it faces potentially unprecedented reductions in coming years amid a pandemic has left some states with revenue shortfalls. How approach the potential exacerbate existing inequities among racially minoritized low-income students...

Education research commonly uses racial terminology but with little understanding of classification patterns across the field. In this study, we surface use using a census original published in American Educational Research Association journals between 2009 and 2019. We do so as an ethical quantification exercise, seeking to further social justice goals by encouraging scholarship on education research. Using latent class analysis, identify six classes ranging from about third articles that...

In this study, we leverage national data sources to examine the relationship between community colleges’ level of reliance on local funding and their total institutional revenue, focusing specifically colleges educating largest shares low-income racially minoritized students. We show that is positively related revenue for pooled sample including all public colleges, suggesting appropriations can supplement state in ways benefit a historically underfunded sector higher education. However,...

The growing evidence on the importance of teacher representation points to need better understand factors shaping lack racial/ethnic diversity in workforce. In this study, we examine extent which college major choice explains gaps teaching. Drawing data from Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study, find that White graduates are close twice as likely education compared Black, Latinx, other color. Even among graduates, respondents who identify 5 percentage more enter teaching than Black 2...

This study was designed to compare the growth of Pakistani schoolchildren in UK with 1990 standards. Measurements height, weight, and sitting height were performed on 785 aged 5-14 years mean values for each age sex being plotted The results expressed as SD scores relative reference data. boys only 0.2 below new standards girls 0.4 mean. weight body mass index 0.3 0.5 less than respectively. demonstrates that is comparable minor differences. It not safe assume short stature or low a child...

Many prominent social scientists have advocated for random-draw lotteries as a solution to the “problem” of elite college admissions. They argue that will be fair, equitable, eliminate corruption, reduce student anxiety, restore democratic ideals, and end debates over race-conscious In response, we simulate potential lottery effects on enrollment by race, gender, income, using robust simulation methods multiple minimum thresholds grades standardized tests. overwhelming majority simulations,...

Abstract Reported hate crimes in the United States have increased rapidly recent years, alongside an increase general racial animus. Scholars shown that larger sociopolitical environment can directly impact campus climate and experiences of all students, particularly students color. However, little is known about how reports crime incidents relate to college enrollment levels This lack evidence has especially troubling implications for Black people, most frequent targets reported crimes....

Most community college students do not borrow to pay for their education. However, in recent years more are borrowing and, when they borrow, accumulating large amounts of debt. To help clarify whether increased debt burdens aiding or harming them, we explore the impact on academic credit hour accumulation. Using data from Education Longitudinal Study 2002–2012, provide multiple estimates attainment among students. Standard suggest that who complete fewer hours than although influence is...

The prevailing theories of student persistence have been developed in Predominantly White Institutional (PWI) contexts. extent to which these theories—in whole or part—apply Minority Serving Institutions such as Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) has not studied depth. This study tests a PWI-based theory residential colleges universities at two HBCUs. Four-hundred fifty-one students completed survey testing the theory, then administrative data were used link data. Findings...

In an era of increased accountability for colleges and concerns about affordable education, it is useful to understand whether students can adequately manage the debt burden they hold after leaving higher education. 2015, Texas called cumulative undergraduate be 60% or less public institution graduates’ first-year earnings by 2030. I investigate student-level characteristics that are associated with a debt-to-income ratio above 60%. The data come from five cohorts who attended 4-year...

Several states, including Texas, have implemented an "excess semester credit hours (ESCH)" policy. State ESCH policies assess a fee to students at public institutions when they exceed set number of lifetime cumulative (e.g. with more than the 120 needed for bachelor's degree). In this article, we investigate case study Texas institutions' communication state policies. We analyze 119 documents collected from November 2019 April 2020 conduct deductive content analysis websites using theory...

Theoretical modeling has been a widely used tool in the student persistence literature for many years; however, only recently it applied to Historical Black College or University (HBCU) context an intentional way. We investigated theory of commuter institutions at 2 HBCUs (N = 147 students). Findings suggest that HBCU students have complicated relationships with their institutions; moreover, theories developed predominantly White institutions—such as model tested this study—hold salience...

At all levels of education, the racial achievement gap in performance between Black and Latino students their White peers stubbornly persists. While causes this are numerous interrelated, one theory posits that from underrepresented groups may face stereotype threat, meaning fear failing thereby fulfilling negative group stereotypes leads to anxiety suboptimal cognitive performance. Though low-cost value affirmation interventions have been shown reduce gaps some classroom settings, these...

Due to concerns about college affordability, in 2011, the Department of Education began producing two annual public lists institutions with highest change tuition and fees average net price within sector (top 5% at least US$600 increase). This study investigates effect this low-stakes federal accountability tool on institutional behavior. I use a frontier regression discontinuity design that being included either or list 95th percentile cutoff (restricting sample only include find no...