Wildfires have significant environmental and socio-economic impacts, affecting ecosystems people worldwide. Over the coming decades, it is expected that intensity impact of wildfires will grow depending on variability climate parameters. Although Bulgaria not situated within geographical borders Mediterranean region, which one most vulnerable regions to impacts temperature extremes, strongly influenced by it. Forests are amongst affected wildfires. They insufficiently adapted fire,...

In the coming decades, Bulgaria is expected to be affected by higher air temperatures and decreased precipitation, which will significantly increase risk of droughts, forest ecosystem degradation loss services (ES). Drought in terrestrial ecosystems characterized reduced water storage soil vegetation, affecting function landscapes ES they provide. An interdisciplinary assessment required for an accurate evaluation drought impact. this study, we introduce innovative, experimental methodology,...

Although wildfires are a common disturbance factor to the environment, some of them can cause significant environmental and socioeconomic losses, affecting ecosystems people worldwide. The wildfire identification assessment their effects on damaged forest areas is great importance for provision effective actions management preservation. Forest regrowth after fire continuously evolving dynamic process, accuracy different remote sensing indices its evaluation complicated task. implementation...

Wildfires are a common disturbance factor worldwide, especially over the last decade due to global climate change. Monitoring postfire forest regrowth provides fundamental information needed enhance management and support of ecosystem recovery after fires. The purpose this study is propose an algorithm for monitoring using tasseled-cap-derived indices. A complex approach used its implementation, which model developed based on three components—Disturbance Index (DI), Vector Instantaneous...

The coal industry is the largest global emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2). However, recent data suggests that mine methane (CH4) emissions worldwide are higher than those oil and gas industry. Furthermore, less active in reducing sectors due to lower profitability. Although uncertainties remain quantifying from mines, use satellite observations revolutionizing process monitoring improving accuracy emission accounting. methodology presented here allows us determine background CH4 concentrations...

The present study aims to examine the potential of optical satellite data and spectral indices assess surface changes induced by permafrost melting. Surface related melting on Livingston Island, Antarctica were examined using from Sentinel-2 sensors European Space Agency (ESA). area coincides with previous field studies electrical resistivity tomographic profiles made establish visualize presence permafrost. Utilizing advantages remote sensing methods calculation indices, it was tracked...

The aim of this study is to monitor the post-fire recovery forest ecosystems on basis remote aerospace methods and data. To achieve goal, a hybrid model for styding dynamics processes after fire was developed. Based Greenness Tasseled cap component, Normalized Differential Index (NDGI) obtained used as input data in combination with vegetation indices (NDVI, MCARI2). NDGI an index dynamic assessment based orthogonal transformation satellite images from Sentinel-2. shows change depending...

The aim of this study is assessing the impacts and monitoring condition recovery processes forest ecosystems after fire based on remote aerospace methods data. To achieve goal, satellite imagery in microwave optical range spectrum were used. A hybrid model for instantaneous that uses parallel data from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) was developed. Based three Tasseled Cap components (Brightness-BR, Greenness-GR Wetness-W), a vector describing current obtained used as input range. Results by...

Soil is a dominant factor of the terrestrial geosystems in dry sub-humid zones, particularly through its effect on biomass production. Due to climate changes and industrial development, soil resources these zones are prone degradation. Mitigation negative effects land degradation requires in-depth knowledge ongoing processes application innovative end effective methods for their investigation. The recent study aims evaluate relative moisture content various differences trace dynamics during...

Data-driven innovations bring significant benefits to societies directly affected by global warming, as they underpin Global and European climate change policy. The application of a synchronous approach interoperability data from different sources for environmental monitoring in one the most vulnerable regions world is aim this research. research was conducted at Hannah Point peninsula, near Bulgarian Antarctic base "St. Kliment Ohridski" on Livingstone Island, South Shetland Islands,...

Air pollution is one of the most significant environmental problems in world nowadays. A considerable part anthropogenic emissions produced by industry and Bulgaria no exception. The important air pollutants that have a impact on quality direct or indirect influence climate change are nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) sulphur (SO2). This paper reports monitoring results Bulgaria's largest industrial area, located triangle between cities Stara Zagora, Haskovo...

Remote Sensing (RS) Data is widely used in the process of determining land cover change. In present study, Tasseled Cap Transform (TCT), and modified Change Vector Analysis (mCVA) techniques were applied to Landsat 5 TM 7 ETM data order be determined magnitude direction changes semi-natural areas Haskovo Region, Southeast Bulgaria. It has been found that those increases by up 50% some territories under investigation.

Desertification is a global ecological problem connected with set of undesirable and devastating processes the consequences resulting from them. related to degradation loss ecosystem services, caused by human activities climate changes in arid semi-arid territories. Degradation lead modifications horizontal vertical landscape structure accordingly delivered landscapes. The study area located south-eastern part Bulgaria, where, last years, intensification landscapes, induced drought occurred....

Wildfires have become increasingly prevalent and destructive in forest ecosystems worldwide, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of post-fire recovery dynamics for effective conservation management. Remote sensing technology, coupled with vegetation indices such as Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Red (GRVI), (RVI), offers powerful means to investigate these processes. In this study, we utilize remote techniques conduct comparative analysis...

Monitoring post-fire forest disturbances and subsequent recovery is vital for management preservation purposes of the ecosystems. This study aimed to assess forests’ damages regrowth dynamics after fire using remotely sensed data compare its reliability monitoring in different environments. paper compared applying selected spectral indices – Differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI), Burn Ratio (dNBR), Disturbance (dDI). The environmental impact processes were performed on...

Assessment and mapping of the ecosystems state in context ecosystem services that they supply are important tasks to improve human well-being, especially regions with considerable land degradation. Haskovo region is situated Southeastern part Bulgaria considered as an extremely sensitive degradation terms climate change activities result unappropriated management practices. In order conservation region, rapid available technics needed addition used analytical methods. The study presents...