The fundamental excited state decay processes relating to the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition in singly Er3+-doped tellurite (TZNL) glass have been investigated detail using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Selective laser excitation of energy level at 970 nm and selective 1485 has established that transfer upconversion by way a dipole-dipole interaction between two erbium ions populates upper 3 μm transition. This analyzed for Er2O3 concentrations 0.5 mol. % 2.2 %. levels emit...

The primary excited state decay processes relating to the H613/2→H615/2∼3 μm laser transition in singly Dy3+-doped fluoride (ZBLAN) glass have been investigated detail using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Selective excitation of F69/2, H67/2 energy levels at 1125 nm and F611/2, H69/2 1358 established that above H611/2 level, excluding F49/2 are entirely quenched by multiphonon emission ZBLAN glass. H613/2 emit luminescence with peaks ∼1700 ∼2880 nm, respectively, but low quantum...

The deactivation of the two lowest excited states Ho3+ was investigated in singly doped and Ho3+, Pr3+-codoped fluoride (ZBLAN) glasses. We establish that 0.1–0.3mol% Pr3+ can efficiently deactivate first (I75) state while causing a small reduction ∼40% initial population second (I65) state. net effect introduced by ion is fast recovery ground Ho3+. Burshstein model parameters relevant to Ho3+→Pr3+ energy transfer processes were determined using least squares fit measured luminescence decay....

The primary excited state absorption processes relating to the I65→I75 3μm laser transition in singly Ho3+-doped fluoride glass have been investigated detail using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Selective excitation of I65 and I75 energy levels established occurrence two transitions from these that compete with previously described transfer upconversion processes. I75→I45 has peak cross sections at 1216nm (σesa=2.8×10−21cm2), 1174nm (σesa=1×10−21cm2), 1134nm (σesa=7.4×10−22cm2)...

This work aimed at the kinetic simulation and drying process optimization of corn malt using a genetic algorithm (GA) for estimation temperature time parameters, in order to maintain maximum activity α- β-amylases enzymes obtained product. Thus, germinated seeds were dried 54–76°C an air convective dryer, from moisture content enzymatic measured. Simulation was made by use GA method, technique inspired biological natural selection process. These experimental data used fit models. Results...

Coagulation is one of the most important processes in a drinking-water treatment plant, and it applied to destabilize impurities water for subsequent flocculation stage. Several techniques are currently used industry determine best dosage coagulant, such as jar-test method, zeta potential measurements, artificial intelligence methods, comprising neural networks, fuzzy expert systems, combination above-mentioned help operators engineers process. Current paper presents an network approach...

In this work, we present the spectroscopic properties of LiYF4 (YLF) single crystals activated by high doping erbium ions. The most important processes that lead to up-conversion emissions in infrared region were identified. A time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy technique was employed measure decays and determine mechanisms involved populate S43/2 excited state. study energy transfer (ETU) Er:YLF showed an ETU rate can be obtained from I411/2 (ETU1) (ETU2) transient analysis, i.e., best...

In this work, genetic algorithm (GA) technique was applied to investigate cutting process parameters influence on workpiece price formation using the concepts of contribution margin. The is one most important processes among many others available in manufacturing scenarios. Nevertheless, it common find some manufactured item, or at least part it, that made, by process. Because its importance, studies related optimization were performed, and last years, task has been explored different...

In this work we present the spectroscopic properties of KY3F10 (KY3F) single crystals activated with thulium and co-doped ytterbium neodymium ions. The most important processes that lead to up-conversion emissions in blue ultraviolet regions were identified. A time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy technique was employed measure decays determine mechanisms involved process populates 1G4 1D2 (Tm3+) excited states. Analysis energy-transfer dynamics using selective pulsed-laser excitations...

Artificial neural networks in the multivariable control of chlorine dosing post-chlorination stage a water treatment plant Greater São Paulo, Brazil, are analyzed. The has constant fluctuations demand caused by natural influences related to raw from surface source. Modeling and computer simulation were implemented MATLAB/Simulink® environment, according physical operational characteristics plant. Moreover, Proportional-Integral (PI) controller was incorporated provide better stability....

Kinetic simulation and drying process optimization of corn malt by Simulated Annealing (SA) for estimation temperature time parameters in order to preserve maximum amylase activity the obtained product are presented here. Germinated seeds were dried at 54-76 °C a convective dryer, with occasional measurement moisture content enzymatic activity. The experimental data submitted modeling. Simulation made using SA method, randomized improvement algorithm, analogous simulated annealing process....

Resumo Este estudo identificou as barreiras e analisou seu grau de influência na Gestão da Cadeia Suprimentos Verde (GCSV), acordo com a perspectiva um fornecedor primeira camada indústria automotiva brasileira. Foram encontradas 43 literatura especializada, 13 validadas: apoio envolvimento (cinco), desempenho operacional (três), econômico (duas), ambiental conhecimento informação (uma). A validação ocorreu por meio percepção especialistas técnicos acadêmicos familiaridade nos temas gestão...

The aim of this article is to propose a decision model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the evaluation and selection Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) refrigerated products company. results indicated that quality, responsiveness reliability are most important criteria selecting an LSP transportation perishable goods, considering contractor’s profile, which protection its brand reputation in market. In addition, sensitivity analysis performed verify priority ranking stability....

In this work we present the spectroscopic properties of LiYF4 (YLF) single crystals activated with thulium and codoped ytterbium neodymium ions. The most important processes that lead to upconversion emissions in blue region were identified. A time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy technique was employed measure decays determine mechanisms involved process populates G14(Tm3+) excited state. Analysis energy transfer dynamics using selective pulsed laser excitations Yb:Tm:Nd, Tm:Nd, Tm:Yb YLF...

Ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence of Nd3+ ions induced by multistep laser excitation was investigated in Nd-doped LiYF4 and LiLuF4 crystals using a technique time-resolved spectroscopy. The observed UV luminescence due to transitions between the bottom 4f25d configuration 4f3 states ions. first absorption band configuration, which starts around 56 700 cm−1, excited three stepwise absorptions photons green (500–535 nm) from short pulse leading broad emission bands range (180–280 nm). An blue...

In recent years, the software production industry has experienced significant changes largely caused by extensive growth of globalisation, outsourcing, and competitive pressure. With these changes, risks in supply chain (SSC) have become a growing concern. Such include product tampering during development or delivery, potential compromises quality assurance due to defects, delays, increased costs. this context, study is aimed at evaluating primary using Bayesian belief networks combined with...