Lesion and inactivation studies indicate that the central amygdala (CeA) participates in expression of cued contextual fear, whereas bed nucleus stria terminalis (BNST) is only involved latter. The basis for this functional dissociation unclear because CeA BNST form similar connections with brainstem fear effectors. To address question, we recorded neurons anterolateral (AL) anteromedial (AM) regions rats subjected to auditory conditioning. During habituation, few were responsive conditioned...

Principal basolateral amygdala (BL) neurons profoundly influence motivated behaviors, yet few of them are activated by emotionally valenced stimuli. Here, we show that a likely explanation for this paradox is the synchronizing high-gamma rhythm. High-gamma (75–95 Hz) entrained BL firing more strongly than all other rhythms. It was most pronounced during states increased vigilance, when rats were apprehensive. Relative to behavioral states, produced minor changes in rates dramatic increases...

Recent advances in recording and computing hardware have enabled laboratories to record the electrical activity of multiple brain regions simultaneously. Lagging behind these technical advances, however, are methods needed rapidly produce microdrives head-caps that can flexibly accommodate different configurations. Indeed, most available designs target single or adjacent regions, and, if sites targeted, specially constructed used. Here, we present a novel design style, for both head-caps,...

Functional imaging studies indicate that the insula encodes salience of stimuli and deviations from expectations, signals can mobilize cognitive resources facilitate learning. However, there is no information about physiological underpinnings these phenomena beyond changing BOLD signals. To shed light on this question, we analyzed intracerebral local field potentials (LFPs) in five patients with epilepsy both genders performing a virtual reality task featured varying odds monetary rewards...

Previously, it was reported that various cortical and subcortical structures display high-frequency local field potential (LFP) oscillations in the 110- to 160-Hz range (HFOs), distinct from sharp-wave ripples. In present study, we characterize HFOs extended amygdala. Rats were implanted with tetrode bundles bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), central amygdala (CeA), as well adjacent regions (pallidum, caudate-putamen, lateral septum). At all recorded sites, HFO power showed a systematic...

CA1 inhibitory interneurons at the stratum lacunosum-moleculare and radiatum junction (LM/RAD-INs) display subthreshold membrane potential oscillations (MPOs) involving voltage-dependent Na(+) A-type K(+) currents. LM/RAD-INs also express other voltage-gated currents, although their properties role in MPOs remain unclear. Here, we characterized these currents investigated MPOs. Using outside-out patch recordings from LM/RAD-IN somata, distinguished four based on pharmacology...

Abstract In the lateral amygdala (LA), training-induced increases in neuronal responsiveness to conditioned stimuli (CSs) reflect potentiated sensory responses that drive behaviours (CRs) via LA’s targets. The basolateral nucleus of (BL) receives LA inputs and projects various subcortical sites can aversive appetitive CRs. Consistent with this, BL neurons also develop increased CSs predict rewarding or outcomes. This activity is thought neurons. Here we contrast CS-related when rats produced...