Abstract In this paper, we report oxidation time effect on highly porous silver oxide nanowires thin films fabricated using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and oxygen plasma etching method. The NW’s morphological, electrical, optical properties were investigated under different periods the number of deposition cycles. increase increases surface roughness Ag NWs until it fused to form a film oxide. AgNWs based characterized X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission...

We report on several state of the art thin films coating technologies including physical vapor deposition (PVD) and solution process techniques. Such techniques have their own significance to develop energy efficiency devices. Choosing right technique has become very critical in recent days as scaling varies significantly with technology. Thus, it becomes obvious pick-up procedure according needs where substrate size, film thickness, required surface roughness are critically involved. Among...

Thin-film lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) capacitors with composition gradients normal to the substrate were fabricated via a novel technique using pulsed laser deposition. These exhibited large polarization offsets when driven by an alternating electric field. The direction of depended on gradient respect substrate. largest offset, greater than 400 μC/cm2 50 V/μm field, was nearly order magnitude any reported for other graded ferroelectric films. This difference is attributed both high...

Among small β‐SiC particles (0.2 ∼ 0.4 μm in size) produced by chemical vapor reaction, hexagonal having diameters around 0.2 are sometimes found. When observed TEM, they have image contrasts reminiscent of “multiply twinned particles”. Analysis diffraction patterns and indicates that these consist multiple twins with twin planes parallel to the basal plane. The characteristics growth processes such discussed.

We report on the potential application of crystalline thin metal oxide films (TiOx, SnOx) with varying stoichiometries in perovskite solar cell devices. The oxides were deposited via reactive e-beam evaporation, involving sublimation pure metals under different pressures oxygen, followed by thermal annealing at 200 °C. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) used to...

We report on the optical and morphological properties of silica thin layers deposited by reactive RF magnetron sputtering a SiO2 target under different oxygen to total flow ratios [r(O2) = O2/Ar, ranging from 0 25%]. The refractive index (n), extinction coefficient, transmission, reflectance were systematically investigated, while field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force three-dimensional (3D) average roughness data construction measurements carried out probe surface...

Abstract The most rapidly expanding type of solar cells are the Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs), because its high device performance, ease synthesis, open-circuit voltage, and affordability. Despite these advantages, development perovskite-based continues to be impeded by issues with perovskite stability utilization hazardous heavy element lead (Pb). study emphasizes on bifacial structure that maintains conventional absorber layer electron transport (ETL) in optimized PSC structure. This...

Ferroelectric fatigue in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films was found to be remarkably sensitive the oxygen partial pressure of atmosphere above film during measurement. Films with Zr/Ti ratios 55/45 and 75/25 were subjected ferroelectric testing at room temperature atmospheres various pressure, or pO2. The number switching cycles which onset occurred sharply peaked respect surrounding sample. Such a striking dependence on concentration strongly supports current theories for that involve vacancy migration.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is therapeutically very challenging to treat as it has the main four known genetic alterations, which result in existence of several phenotypes leading difference mode therapy and with poor outcome. Metallic nanoparticles silver or copper have been studied previously anticancer agents breast other types cancers. However, effect silver–copper alloy (AgCu-NP) not cancer. In this study, we aim synthesize (Ag-NP), (Cu-NP), AgCu-NP evaluate their toxicity healthy...

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and ZnO nanostructures composited with silver (Ag) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized by a simple impregnation-calcination method shown to be suitable for use as antimicrobial agents. The preparation used composite materials is very simple, time-effective, can large-scale production. Several analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), energy dispersive (EDS), transmission microscopy (TEM)...

Ferroelectric films with composition gradients normal to the substrate have recently been reported exhibit anomalously large polarization offsets when hysteresis loops are driven an ac voltage and measured using a Sawyer–Tower (ST) circuit. These in graded Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (over 400 μC/cm2) (Ba, Sr)TiO3 (30 films. In this work, it was found that offset observed can be attributed development of dc across ac-voltage film, rather than offset. Recognition result reduces these previously values by...

Abstract The crystal structure, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, magnetic characteristics, and magnetocaloric performance of perovskite La 0.55 Ca 0.45 Mn 0.8 Nb 0.2 O 3 (LCMNO) ceramic powder were analyzed. orthorhombic structure with a Pnma space group was found as the main phase in as-received compound after XRD pattern refinement. mixed-valence states manganese detected by spectroscopy (XPS). analysis La3d line revealed complex nature lanthanum states. evaluation Zero-Field-Cooled...

In this work, we report on the controlled change of wetting behaviour silica thin films deposited by a reactive e-beam evaporation. The as-deposited coated surfaces were treated with acetone solvent using an ultra-sonic bath followed characterising their contact angles. As confirmed repeated angle measurement, changed from superhydrophilic to hydrophilic which attributed creation OH groups and hydroxylation process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis suggested SiO x stoichiometry 1.85...

Abstract The temperature dependence of the ferroelectric switching behavior was measured for lead zirconate titanate capacitors with composition Pb(Zr.60Ti.40)O3. Results indicated that a rise contributes to an increasing rate logarithmic decay in polarization during repeated reversals. Most current theories dealing degradation, known as fatigue, are based on motion defects. In support this phenomena, where R(T) is proportional exp(ΔQ/kT), two quantitative models developed used measure...

Abstract Films of PZT about 0.2 μm thick with the composition PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 were prepared using metalloorganic decomposition (MOD) process. The amorphous films produced by pyrolysis at 350°C annealed 550, 575, 600 and 650°C for 10 minutes, 1 hour or 4 hours. temperatures below 550°C showed no ferroelectric behavior while others above signs loss behavior. Most demonstrated satisfactory properties such as low switching voltage high polarization values. Some also fatigue life-time more than...

Abstract Condensation of a ternary mixture ethyl cyanoacetate, S‐methylisothiourea and aromatic aldehydes in pyridine afforded directly the 4‐aryl‐5‐cyano‐2‐methylthio‐6‐oxopyrimidines IV good yields. Alkylation with alkyl halides alkaline medium yielded 1‐alkyl derivatives V. The methylthio group V could be eliminated by aniline, hydrazine phenylhydrazine corresponding 2‐anilino, VII, 2‐hydr‐azino, VIIIa,b, 2‐phenylhydrazino, VIIIc,d, were obtained. Compounds VIIIa,b cyclised nitrous acid...

Abstract In hydrocarbon reforming processes, coke formation on the catalyst usually reduces reaction rates. We show that when subjected to thermal treatment, a commercial nickel catalyst, overcoated with alumina, ALD exhibited both higher activity per g Ni and carbon rates than an uncoated catalyst. During temperature‐programmed in CH 4 +CO 2 atmosphere, deactivated rapidly from buildup, but displayed increase catalytic Ni, despite generating two times surface carbon. The unexpected...

We report on the development of metal oxide films with potential applications in energy conversion devices. Using an electron beam evaporator oxygen atmosphere, titanium, tin, nickel, molybdenum and aluminum oxides room temperature were reactively deposited. The deposited characterized optically structurally using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry, ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle scanning microscopy. A systematic comparison between these filters...

Torch-plasma-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are integrated with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a fullerene derivative 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl-1-phenyl[6,6]C61 (PCBM) as hybrid photoactive layer for bulk heterojunction solar cell devices. We demonstrate that molecular information could be accurately obtained by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry throughout the organic layers when sputtering is performed using Cs+ 2000 eV source. Furthermore,...

Microstructural developments and dielectric properties of lead zirconate titanate thin films (0.22 4mUm) with the composition Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 were studied. The prepared by metallo‐organic decomposition (MOD) rapid thermal processing (RTP) in temperature range 475–825°C for 2 min an oxygen gas flow without post‐annealing. An amorphous–pyrochlore–perovskite phase transformation is indicated at or below 525°C RTF temperatures while a direct amorphous‐to‐perovskite higher RTP...