A Ka-band highly linear power amplifier (PA) is implemented in 28-nm bulk CMOS technology. Using a deep class-AB PA topology with appropriate harmonic control circuit, and efficient PAs are designed at millimeter-wave band. This architecture provides operation close to the saturated power. Also elaborated tuning neutralization techniques used further improve transistor gain stability. two-stack for higher output than common source (CS) PA. Additionally, average tracking (APT) applied reduce...

A quarter-wavelength impedance transformer as well a number of other factors limit the bandwidth (BW) Doherty power amplifiers (PAs). We utilize lower Q quarter-wave length and propose phase compensation circuit an additional offset line to be incorporated into matching net works for enhanced BW PA. The final output have same Q. Input dividing networks are also analyzed operation broad BW. PA long term evolution (LTE) applications is integrated 1.4 × mm <sup...

As mobile communication systems evolve to handle higher data rates, their modulation schemes only become more complicated, generating signals with large bandwidth and high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). To amplify such efficiency, the power amplifier (PA) should have efficiency not at peak level but also low power, especially over maximum generation region. realize these PA characteristics, drain bias voltage of transistor can be modulated on basis input envelope minimize dc supply...

Highly linear and efficient CMOS cascode power amplifiers (PAs) are developed for handset applications. The linearity of the PAs is improved using adaptive bias circuits at gates common-source (CS) common-gate (CG) stages. memory effects that generated by reduced second harmonic control source CS gate CG proposed PA, including integrated circuits, fabricated a 0.18-μm RF technology. improve efficiency significantly. measurement results show sideband asymmetry less than 1.5 dB peak average...

An envelope-tracking (ET) CMOS power amplifier (PA) is fabricated using a 0.18- μm process. The module containing the supply modulator, PA, and output transformer implemented on printed circuit board (PCB). PA employs second third harmonic controls at input short for improved linearity. impact nonlinearity of cascode differential structure studied optimized. A proposed PCB minimizes loss enhances efficiency PA. ET gate common transistor to achieve high linearity without digital...

This paper presents an envelope tracking power amplifier (ET PA) using a dual-mode supply modulator for handset application. The has combined structure with linear and switching amplifier. operates in high-power mode low-power by providing the voltage of 5 2.5 V, respectively. For 1.74-GHz long-term evolution signal 10-MHz bandwidth, 6.44-dB peak-to-average ratio, 16-quadrature amplitude modulation, ET PA delivers power-added efficiency (PAE) 39.8%, evolved universal terrestrial radio access...

This paper presents a dual power-mode and multi-band power amplifier (PA) for handset applications that improves the efficiency in low-power regions. PA operates two modes through path control by shunt switched capacitor. The proposed method provides efficient mode without any degrading bandwidth (BW) limiting. PA, conjunction with boosted supply modulator envelope tracking (ET) operation not only high-power mode, but also delivers good performance at all average output levels. linearity is...

This paper presents a linear Doherty power amplifier (PA) with enhanced back-off efficiency mode for handset applications. For operation, we analyze the gain modulation as well cancellation of third-order intermodulation distortion in order to improve linearity. A compact design method is also discussed implement on single chip handset. The proposed PA delivers good performance regard third-generation (3G)/fourth-generation (4G) signals. switched-load power-mode adopted enhance low-power...

A differential cascode CMOS power amplifier (PA) with a supply modulator for envelope tracking (ET) has been implemented using 0.18-μm RF technology. For maximizing the PA's performance, cell optimized. The PA employs 2nd harmonic control circuits at input, source, and output of to improve efficiency linearity same time. utilizes an improved ET modulator, which is suitable high knee voltage. By utilizing this we achieve not only higher linearity, but also in all levels. long-term evolution...

This paper presents a voltage-combined CMOS Doherty power amplifier (PA) based on transformer. The dynamic load modulation of the two-way transformer is analyzed in detail. A comparison between current- and PAs shows that PA voltage-combining method delivers broad bandwidth (BW) with larger tolerance. proposed achieves close to ideal without additional offset line by manipulation output capacitances. For demonstration purposes, combining are implemented using 0.18-μm process an FR4 printed...

We present a highly efficient RF transmitter over broad average power range using multilevel envelope-tracking amplifier (ML-ET PA). The ML-ET PA delivers enhanced efficiency at back-off region for handset applications. supply modulator consists of linear regulator and switching converter. DC the is adjusted according to envelope signal, power-supply-independent class-AB output stage employed avoid crossover distortion generated by different voltages. switch current level not optimally...

This paper presents a 28-GHz 16-element phased-array transmitter for the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) applications, focusing on power amplifier (PA). The IC was fabricated using 28-nm bulk CMOS technology with flip-chip package, and evaluated 5G NR signal having an 800-MHz total bandwidth. Each channel of 16 has dBm output at 1-dB compression point large gain range from 24 to 63 dB. full array achieves average 18 record-level system error vector magnitude (EVM) less than -33.5 dB...

An envelope tracking CMOS power amplifier is implemented in 0.18-µm CMOS, and achieves a PAE of 34%, an EVM 3.2%, ACLR −32.5 dBc at average output 26 dBm frequency 1.8 GHz for 10-MHz BW 16 QAM 7.5-dB PAPR LTE signal. The operation improves by 2% to 6.5% over the stand-alone PA

A fully integrated linear CMOS power amplifier (PA) for the broadband operation is developed handset applications. This can handle a wideband signal. To achieve broadband/wideband operation, an analysis of intermodulation distortion asymmetric source in differential cascode structure presented. Based on analysis, linearization technique using second harmonic circuit at gate common proposed to reduce asymmetry. The PA with on-chip transmission-line transformer, which has matching...

Fully-integrated highly linear Ka-band differential power amplifiers (PA) are designed in 28-nm CMOS process. A Class-AB topology is used to increase the efficiency and linearity. For proper operation of class-AB amplifier, harmonic control circuits introduced minimize 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> harmonics at drain source transistor. By adopting this structure, common / 2-stack PAs achieve PAE 27% 25%, EVM 5.17%...

We present a 39GHz CMOS cascode power amplifier (PA) with two-step (L-C and C-L) second harmonic termination. analyze the distortion mechanism in cross-coupled capacitor neutralization technique suggest termination scheme to enhance both linearity efficiency of PAs. This can suppress feedback components generated middle cell extend range linear output (Pout). Our two-stage PA shows gain >24.5dB, saturation (Psat) >16.2dBm power-added-efficiency (PAE) >32% over full band from 37 40GHz. Under...

This paper describes analysis of an envelope-tracking power amplifier (ET PA) to show its operational behavior. The RF PA is modeled by sweeping the input and supply voltage. model composed three 2-D lookup tables including amplitude-to-amplitude modulation, amplitude-to-phase amplitude-to-efficiency modulation. hybrid switching modulator also using ideal op-amp, switches, other assisting blocks. Based on mathematical models modulator, ET can be analyzed with a fast calculation speed good...

The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) in fluorine-18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) was evaluated as a preoperative predictor pathologic grade and survival rate.Twenty-three patients who underwent PET/CT complete resection for PMEC were enrolled. optimal cut-off SUVmax tumor calculated 6.5 by receiver operating characteristic curve. divided into high SUV group (n = 7) low 16)....

A CMOS saturated power amplifier (PA) is developed for optimally implementing the envelope-tracking (ET) transmitter. The PA used to maximize efficiency of ET PA. dynamic feedback control and biasing techniques at gates common-gate stage common-source cascode structure are proposed improve range, linearity efficiency. fully-integrated with a supply modulator fabricated using 0.18- μm RF technology. For long-term evolution signal 1.85 GHz 10-MHz bandwidth 16-quadrature amplitude modulation...

This paper presents a linear Doherty power amplifier (PA) with adaptive bias circuit for average power-tracking (APT) operation. The PA is linked multi-level DC-DC converter APT in all amplifiers including the carrier-, peaking-, and drive-amplifiers. delivers high efficiencies at output levels. Also, linearity maintained various collector biases by circuits. For demonstration purposes, circuits implemented using an InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) Texas Instruments' LM3290...

This paper investigates the effects of asynchronous multiple access interference (MAI) on performance orthogonal frequency-division (OFDMA) uplink systems in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading environments. We first analyze MAI and its statistical characteristics using Gaussian approximation. Then analytical expression for uncoded average symbol error probability (SEP) is obtained with various modulation schemes. Comparison simulation results shows a tight agreement proposed analysis over...

A differential-cascode CMOS power amplifier (PA) with a supply modulator for envelope tracking (ET) has been implemented by 0.18 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX> RF technology. The loss at the output is minimized implementing transformer on FR-4 printed circuit board (PCB). PA utilizes <TEX>$2^{nd}$</TEX> harmonic short input to enhance linearity. measurement was done 10MHz bandwidth 16QAM 6.88 dB peak-to-average ratio long-term evolution (LTE) signal 1.85 GHz. ET operation of enhances power-added...

Age has been a critical predictor for immediate postoperative and long-term results after the pulmonary resection lung cancer. In this study, we evaluated compared surgical outcome of stage I non-small cell cancer associated predictive factors between elderly younger groups. Short- outcomes group (≥70 years) who were surgically treated pathologically diagnosed as from 2004 to 2010 (<70 years). Total 1340 patients included in divided into (n = 285) 1055). The proportions squamous carcinoma...

An intermodulation distortion of an envelope tracking (ET) power amplifier (PA) is investigated in this paper. For purpose, the characteristics are simulated based on inter-connection model between PA and supply modulator. sweet spot ET operation, fifth-order most important one, which generated by AM-PM nonlinearity. To reduce distortion, phase compensation network (PCN) proposed. The efficiency also improved a properly designed bias circuit. demonstration purposes, modulator implemented...

A Doherty power amplifier (PA) for long term evolution (LTE) applications is fully integrated on a 1.4×1.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die using 2-μm InGaP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) process. The quarter-wavelength transformer the bandwidth (BW) limit of PA. Other limiting factors are analyzed and eliminated. conventional phase compensation circuit an additional offset line merged into input...