Abstract Since the late nineteenth century, channel depths have more than doubled in parts of New York Harbor and tidal Hudson River, wetlands been reclaimed navigational channels widened, river flow has regulated. To quantify effects these modifications, observations numerical simulations using historical modern bathymetry are used to analyze changes barotropic dynamics. Model results water level records for Albany (1868 present) (1844 recovered from archives show that amplitude near head...

Numerical modeling of pollutant spills that are released instantaneously in rivers has been commonly applied for water quality purposes. Recently, different numerical schemes have used to solve the river hydrodynamics from shallow equations (SWEs), affecting longitudinal concentrations prediction advection-dispersion equation (ADE). In this study, two solving SWEs, Explicit Leap-Frog Scheme (ELFs) and Implicit Crank-Nicolson (ICNs), were implemented based on a field case distribution along...

Abstract In this work, landfill leachate treatment by electrocoagulation process with a novel rotating anode reactor was studied. The influence of speed on the removal efficiency chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and suspended (TSS) raw investigated. operating parameters like pH, temperature, current, inter-distance between cathode rings impellers performance were also results revealed optimum is 150 rpm increasing above value led to reducing performance. favors...

Response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to analyze and optimize sensitive parameters that can affect the reliability of removal processes.This paper aimed utilize magnetic nano-zeolite (MNZ) as an adsorbent remove heavy metals, mainly cadmium (Cd(II)) copper (Cu(II)) ions, from wastewater.Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used characterize MNZ.The results showed maximum ratio for was 93%, 94.5% at optimal...

A two and three-dimensional hydrothermal numerical model were developed calibrated for Laurance Lake, Oregon, USA. The scheme in the two-dimensional laterally averaged hydrodynamic water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, was adapted a called W3, to solve governing equations of continuity, free surface equation, momentum. In order perform an equivalent comparison between results both models run using same meteorological data, boundary conditions flow temperature, heat exchange algorithms. reservoir...

The quality of the water in Iraq's Hilla River has been severely degraded as a result human activities and industrial development.The QUAL2K model, widely used one-dimensional was to simulate river's parameter CBODu DO utilizing river point-source flows rate well metrics observed along river.Despite severe lack data research region, model determined be an adequate instrument for evaluation water.Simulated results DO, BOD 5 , temperature period (October 2022) showed robustness model.Results...

This study focuses on the physical and chemical properties of soils their geographical distribution, with a specific focus red clay.The inverse distance weighting (IDW) technique, integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS), was employed to predict characteristics soil.Sampling conducted at twenty-one locations in three areas: Bor Mountain, Jambor, Kirkuk Hills, all located within City.Seven soil were examined: acidity, organic matter content, total dissolved salts (TDS), gypsum,...

In this work, the mass transfer of aluminum ions in electrocoagulation reactor was investigated using limiting current density technique by employing a novel rotating impeller anode. The effect different anode rotational speeds 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 rpm with various diameters 9.2, 10.2, 11.2 cm on limited values, coefficient COD removal efficiency were studied. Results showed values increase speed diameter Furthermore, increases diameter. Data for conditions 11,852 < Re 58,550 88 Sc 285...

This research focuses on the study of physical and chemical properties red clay found in Injana Fatha Formations. The aim is to establish correlations among various elements using geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing, a regression analysis model. Laboratory analysis, including X-ray diffraction, was conducted determine clay, as well nonclay minerals. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software utilized property correlations. Landsat 7 8 images were employed relationships...

A new 3D hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate water quality transport in surface waterbodies. The governing equations are the continuity equation, free momentum equation and equation. 2D numerical scheme of CE-QUAL-W2 expanded three dimensions modified solve for elevation. time splitting technique employed formulation used a novel solution, which resulted tri-diagonal matrix form solving rather than more computationally intensive penta-diagonal solution. In addition, were solved at...

An integrated linear regression technique was developed and validated to model dissolved oxygen in salt lakes by using R software based on data from Sawa Lake, Iraq. The helps understand evaluate salty aquatic ecosystems the presence of water quality gaps. involved selecting important parameters that have significant statistical relationship with oxygen. In order make development simpler, validation approach incorporated model. Linearity, homogeneity, normality, outliers, influential points...

A 3D hydrodynamic and temperature numerical model was developed calibrated for Lake Chaplain, Washington, USA. The governing equations are the continuity equation, free surface momentum conservation equation of transport. employs semi-implicit finite difference scheme to solve higher order schemes (QUICK Quickest) mass heat transport in contrast simpler but more diffusive first UPWIND scheme. unique feature solution is that uses a tri-diagonal matrix form rather than common penta-diagonal...

This study was conducted to evaluate the groundwater quality of wells located around Hillah city Iraq, for purposes determining its suitability as water agricultural irrigation, according Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI). The number that are being investigated 24. spatial distribution parameters using ArcGIS software. Ten were established dry and wet seasons 2018 2019, which include pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium, potassium, magnesium, bicarbonate,...

The water quality of the Hilla River, located in Iraq, has been varying due to presence different illegal point and non-points sources along river stream.This study highlighted carbonaceous biological oxygen demand (CBOD) dissolved (DO) levels for safe usage by applying stream model called QUẠL2K model, depending on hydraulic data collected 6.8 km passing through main city (Hilla City) October 2022 (low flow season) January 2023 (high season).The modeling results showed that simulated...

For the availability of drinking water, saline water treatment has become exceedingly necessary. The purpose this research was to determine how efficient electrocoagulation (EC) with monopolar iron electrodes for desalinating from Iraq’s Sawa Lake. Absolute dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl), bromine (Br), and sulfate (SO4) are some salty forms that being targeted. impacts five considerations on efficiency were studied, including current (I), detention time (RT), pH, speed mixing stirring...

Since industrial and human activities have been developed, water quality intensely degrades in Hilla River, Iraq. Using remote sensing technology provides data for assessing monitoring surface bodies. Thus, this study, Landsat 8 satellite images (2016 to 2021) were statistically tested developing linear models capable of estimating parameters the river based on field data, including turbidity (turb), electric conductivity (EC), hydrogen ions (pH), total suspended solids (TSS), chloride (Cl),...

Land cover has been varying due to urbanization process in developing countries. As a result, land surface temperature changing spatially and temporally. The spatial temporal variations of temp (LST) over Babylon Governorate, Iraq were highlighted this investigation. Landsat-8 satellite images from 2013 2020 have processed QGIS software estimate remotely then link its variation with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). results demonstrated that the maximum was at barren lands...

This study investigates the physical characteristics of red clay using IDW approach and linear regression modeling in an area 268.12 km2, focusing on Kirkuk, Bor, Jambor structures. Through analysis 52 soil samples integration laboratory data with results, several significant findings have emerged. The method combined proves to be a cost-effective efficient for obtaining property generating accurate digital maps clay’s features. Silt concentration exhibits wide range, while gravel content...

The focus of this study is to generate maps clay and mineral deposits in the Kirkuk, Bor, Jambor structures using Landsat imagery. authors utilized band ratio (5/7) composite (3,4,5) techniques their analysis. Fifty-two sites were selected as testing data evaluate accuracy generated map, which showed a correlation 0.74. concludes that remote sensing provide cost-effective accurate means map locations deposits, offering an alternative traditional mapping methods.

Modeling the fate and transport of spills in rivers is critical for risk assessment instantaneous spill response. In this research, a one-dimensional model river systems was built by solving advection-dispersion equation (ADE) numerically along with shallow water equations (SWEs) within MATLAB environment. To run model, Ohio River’s well-known accidental 1988 used as field case study. The verification process revealed model’s robustness very low statistic errors. mean absolute error (MAE)...

Abstract Tigris River is a major source to supply water for big part of Iraq. Lately, Iraq has experienced shortage problems such as variability in climate and the building huge dams upstream countries (Turkey Iran). In this work, total dissolved salts (T.D.S.) were measured at fourteen sites on two periods year 2014. The first period consisted six rainy-months (April–September) second covered non-rainy-months (October-March). Interpolation technique inverse-distance-weighting (I.D.W.)...