As compared with extensive contiguous areas, small isolated habitat patches lack many species. Some species disappear after isolation; others are rarely found in any patch, regardless of isolation. We used a 13-year data set bird captures from large landscape-manipulation experiment Brazilian Amazon forest to model the extinction-colonization dynamics 55 and tested basic predictions island biogeography metapopulation theory. From our models, we derived two metrics vulnerability changes...

In the face of worldwide habitat fragmentation, managers need to devise a time frame for action. We ask how fast do understory bird species disappear from experimentally isolated plots in Biological Dynamics Forest Fragments Project, central Amazon, Brazil. Our data consist mist-net records obtained over period 13 years 11 sites 1, 10, and 100 hectares. The numbers captures per unit time, analyzed under different simplifying assumptions, reveal set species-loss curves. From those declining...

Failure to detect a disease agent or vector where it actually occurs constitutes serious drawback in epidemiology. In the pervasive situation no sampling technique is perfect, explicit analytical treatment of detection failure becomes key step estimation epidemiological parameters. We illustrate this approach with study Attalea palm tree infestation by Rhodnius spp. (Triatominae), most important vectors Chagas (CD) northern South America.The probability detecting triatomines infested palms...

Background Mosquito-borne pathogens pose major public health challenges worldwide. With vaccines or effective drugs still unavailable for most such pathogens, disease prevention heavily relies on vector control. To date, however, mosquito control has proven difficult, with low breeding-site coverage during campaigns identified as a drawback. A novel tactic exploits the egg-laying behavior of mosquitoes to have them disseminate tiny particles potent larvicide, pyriproxyfen (PPF), from resting...

Abstract Aim Mapping species distributions is a crucial but challenging requirement of wildlife management. The frequent need to sample vast expanses potential habitat increases the cost planned surveys and rewards accumulation opportunistic observations. In this paper, we integrate planned‐survey data from roost counts with samples eBird, WikiAves Xeno‐canto citizen‐science platforms map geographic range endangered Vinaceous‐breasted Parrot. We demonstrate estimation mapping occurrence...

Understanding population dynamics requires models that admit the complexity of natural populations and data ecologists obtain from them. Populations possess structure, which may be defined as "fixed" stages through individuals pass, with superimposed variability among groups. Data contain missing values inaccurate censuses. From limited attempt to predict life history schedules growth. We extend "missing value" framework for Bayesian analysis structured heterogeneity in demography...

The search for explanations of the well-documented positive relationship between latitude and avian clutch size has created expectation that tropical birds should balance their smaller sizes with relatively high survival probabilities. So far, efforts to detect a latitudinal gradient in have found no statistical support, leading hypothesis may be present juveniles alone. Such could masked by data on adults when field records make distinction ages. We aimed (1) assess effect age estimating...

In early 2020, to halt the spread of SARS-CoV-2, state government Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil established a public health assessment and response framework known as "controlled distancing model." Using this framework, divided into 21 regions evaluated them against composite index disease transmission service capacity. Regions were assessed using color-coded scale flags that was updated on weekly basis used guide adoption nonpharmaceutical interventions. study, we aimed evaluate extent which...

Abstract High rates of old growth (OG) forest destruction and difficult farming conditions result in increasing cover secondary forests (SF) the Amazon. In this setting, it is opportune to ask which animals use newly available SF stay restricted OG. This study presents a comparison OG site occupancy by nocturnal birds terra firme Amazon Guianan shield, north Manaus, Brazil. We tested species‐specific predictions for two owls ( Lophostrix cristata/Glaucidium hardyi ), potoos Nyctibius...

Dynamic flow regimes maintain critical connections between main channel and adjacent floodplain habitats that provide fish access to shelter, foraging, spawning opportunities. Our study advances the understanding of these processes by exploring importance coupled longitudinal–lateral connectivity for determining species occurrence in headwater streams Amazon. Using a multispecies occupancy model, we revealed clear pattern addition downstream direction temporary ponds, associated with changes...

Abstract Objective Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is more frequently reported in men than women; this may be due to male‐biased exposure vectors, female‐biased resistance against the disease or both. We sought determine whether gender‐specific vector habitats explains incidence two human populations of central Amazonia. Methods compared one population field researchers N = 166), with similar for males and females, rural settlers 646), where overall male‐biased. used a combination...

Perturbation analysis is a powerful tool to study population and community dynamics. This article describes expressions for sensitivity metrics reflecting changes in equilibrium occupancy resulting from small the vital rates of patch dynamics (i.e., probabilities local colonization extinction). We illustrate our approach with case Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ) nesting territories. Examination hypothesis system suggests that satisfies conditions. Estimates obtained using models are used...

RESUMEN O monitoramento biológico é uma ferramenta fundamental para o manejo ambiental. Ele permite avaliar estado do ambiente ao longo tempo, informando sobre a necessidade e as conseqüências das medidas de manejo. Na Amazônia, atividade particularmente difícil devido à variedade ameaças ambientais, vastidão da área, enorme riqueza espécies. Para ser eficiente, um programa precisa claramente enraizado em ameaça ambiental que se pretende resolver – só assim haverá critério claro decidir...

Abstract Aim To offer a test of expert knowledge about rarity twenty Amazon forest bird species following an approach that equates with low site occupancy and formally accounts for imperfect detection. We define ten pairs closely related species, each pair one hypothetically common rare species. Our null hypothesis is members have similar occupancy, hypothesized differences due to detection errors alone. Location A 1000‐ha plot primary rainforest in the central Brazilian Amazon. Methods...

Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the vectors of dengue, most important arboviral disease humans. To date, ecology studies have assumed that truly absent from sites where they not detected; since no perfect detection method exists, this assumption is questionable. Imperfect may bias estimates key vector surveillance/control parameters, including site-occupancy (infestation) rates control intervention effects. We used a modeling approach explicitly accounts for imperfect 38-month, 55-site...

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Amazona is the largest genus of Psittacidae, one most threatened bird families. Here, we study four species (Amazona brasiliensis, A. pretrei, vinacea, and rhodocorytha) that are dependent on a highly vulnerable biome: Brazilian Atlantic Forest. To examine their distribution abundance, compile abundance estimates counts, develop site-occupancy models geographic range. These integrate data from formal research citizen science platforms to estimate probabilistic maps species’ occurrence...

The international community has placed great hope and invested considerable time in exploring a global forest convention through the United Nations Conference on Environment Development's Intergovernmental Forum Forests Panel process under Commission Sustainable Development. Multinational corporations control almost 40% of world market products, constituting major stakeholder policy. few cases direct intervention by multinational at fora suggest their interests are expressed elsewhere....

The Aedes aegypti mosquito inhabits most tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, where it transmits arboviral diseases substantial public health relevance, such as dengue fever. In regions, Ae. often presents an annual abundance cycle driven by weather conditions. Because different population states may show varying responses to control, we are interested in studying what time year is appropriate for control. To do so, developed two dynamic site-occupancy models based on more than 200...