The basal ganglia play a central role in cognition and are involved such general functions as action selection reinforcement learning. Here, we present model exploring the hypothesis that implement conditional information-routing system. system directs transmission of cortical signals between pairs regions by manipulating separately sources destinations information transfers. We suggest mechanism provides an account for several cognitive ganglia. also incorporates possible which subsequent...

We describe the first direct brain-to-brain interface in humans and present results from experiments involving six different subjects. Our non-invasive interface, demonstrated originally August 2013, combines electroencephalography (EEG) for recording brain signals with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivering information to brain. illustrate our method using a visuomotor task which two must cooperate through communication achieve desired goal computer game. The detects motor...

Individuals who develop bilingually typically outperform monolinguals on tests of executive functions. This advantage likely reflects enhanced prefrontal function, but the mechanisms that underlie this improvement are still poorly understood. article describes a theory nature neural underpinnings improved function in bilinguals. Specifically, we propose growing up bilingual environment trains gating system striatum flexibly routes information to cortex. is divided into three sections....

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a common paradigm used to study the interactions between emotions and decision making, yet little consensus exists on cognitive process determining participants' decisions, what affects them, how these processes interact with each other. A novel conceptual framework proposed according which behavior in IGT reflects balance two dissociable processes; cognitively demanding that tracks option's long-term payoff, lower-level, automatic primarily sensitive loss...

Abstract We present BrainNet which, to our knowledge, is the first multi-person non-invasive direct brain-to-brain interface for collaborative problem solving. The combines electroencephalography (EEG) record brain signals and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) deliver information noninvasively brain. allows three human subjects collaborate solve a task using communication. Two of are designated as “Senders” whose decoded real-time EEG data analysis. decoding process extracts each...

We present, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that a non-invasive brain-to-brain interface (BBI) can be used allow one human guess what is on mind of another through an interactive question-and-answering paradigm similar "20 Questions" game. As in previous BBI studies humans, uses electroencephalography (EEG) detect specific patterns brain activity from participant (the "respondent"), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) deliver functionally-relevant information second...

The roles of prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices have been widely studied, yet little is known on how they interact to enable complex cognitive abilities. We investigated this issue in a well-defined symbolic paradigm: algebraic problem solving. In our experimental problems, the demands for retrieving arithmetic facts maintaining intermediate representations were manipulated separately. An analysis functional brain images acquired while participants solving problems confirmed that...

Background It has been shown that people can only maintain one problem state, or intermediate mental representation, at a time. When more than state is required, for example in multitasking, performance decreases considerably. This effect explained terms of bottleneck. Methodology In the current study we use complimentary methodologies computational cognitive modeling and neuroimaging to investigate neural correlates this particular, an existing model was used generate priori fMRI...

The Common Model of Cognition (CMC) is a recently proposed, consensus architecture intended to capture decades progress in cognitive science on modeling human and human-like intelligence. Because the broad agreement around it preliminary mappings its components specific brain areas, we hypothesized that CMC could be candidate model large-scale functional brain. To test this hypothesis, analyzed MRI data from 200 participants seven different tasks cover range domains. were identified with...

Abstract Complex skill learning depends on the joint contribution of multiple interacting systems: working memory (WM), declarative long‐term (LTM) and reinforcement (RL). The present study aims to understand individual differences in relative contributions these systems during learning. We built four idiographic, ACT‐R models performance stimulus‐response learning, Reinforcement Learning Working Memory task. task consisted short 3‐image, long 6‐image, feedback‐based blocks. A no‐feedback...

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) based on deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in autonomous vehicles for critical perception tasks such as object detection, semantic segmentation, and lane recognition. However, these systems highly sensitive to input variations, noise changes lighting, which can compromise their effectiveness potentially lead safety-critical failures. This study offers a comprehensive empirical evaluation of image perturbations, techniques commonly assess...

ABSTRACT We present BrainNet which, to our knowledge, is the first multi-human non-invasive direct brain-to-brain interface for collaborative problem solving. The combines electroencephalography (EEG) record brain signals and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) deliver information noninvasively brain. allows three human subjects collaborate solve a task using communication. Two of are designated as “Senders” whose decoded real-time EEG data analysis. decoding process extracts each...

The basal ganglia play a fundamental role in decision-making. Their contribution is typically modeled within reinforcement learning framework, with the to select options associated highest value and their dopamine inputs conveying performance feedback. This basic however, does not account for of cholinergic interneurons striatum, easily explain certain dynamic aspects decision-making skill acquisition like generation exploratory actions. paper describes acetylcholine-based entropy (BABE),...