A5088618571- Legal Systems and Judicial Processes
- Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Education Discipline and Inequality
- Law, Rights, and Freedoms
- Multicultural Socio-Legal Studies
- Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Child Abuse and Trauma
- Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Legal principles and applications
- Family Business Performance and Succession
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
- Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
Columbia University
2010-2025
New York Law School
2006-2018
University of Chicago
2015
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2014
Harvard University Press
2010
University of Virginia
1986-2006
William & Mary
1992
Newcastle University
1972
The University of Sydney
1958
Abilities associated with adjudicative competence were assessed among 927 adolescents in juvenile detention facilities and community settings. Adolescents' abilities compared to those of 466 young adults jails the community. Participants at 4 locations across United States completed a standardized measure relevant for stand trial (the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool--Criminal Adjudication) as well new procedure assessing psychosocial influences on legal decisions often required...
The authors use a developmental perspective to examine questions about the criminal culpability of juveniles and juvenile death penalty. Under principles law, is mitigated when actor's decision-making capacity diminished, act was coerced, or out character. argue that should not be held same standards responsibility as adults, because adolescents' they are less able resist coercive influence, their character still undergoing change. uniqueness immaturity mitigating condition argues for...
An individual is typically considered an adult at age 18, although the of adulthood varies for different legal and social policies. A key question how cognitive capacities relevant to these policies change with development. The current study used emotional go/no-go paradigm functional neuroimaging assess control under sustained states negative positive arousal in a community sample one hundred ten 13- 25-year-olds from New York City Los Angeles. results showed diminished performance brief...
Challenges the use by policy researchers of a model for comparing adolescent and adult decision making that is based on informed consent standards.An expanded decision-making framework designed to evaluate "judgment" in adults adolescents can better test empirical basis paternalistic legal policies.The theoretical literature critiqued an alternative incorporating judgment factors proposed.Three factors-temporal perspective, attitude toward risk, peer parental influence-and their effects are...
Research Summary: Accurately gauging the public's support for alternative responses to juvenile offending is important, because policy makers often justify expenditures punitive justice reforms on basis of popular demand tougher policies. In this study, we assess public both punitively and nonpunitively oriented policies by measuring respondents' willingness pay various proposals. We employ a methodology known as “contingent valuation” (CV) that permits comparison (WTP) competing...
Elizabeth Scott and Laurence Steinberg explore the dramatic changes in law's conception of young offenders between end nineteenth century beginning twenty-first. At dawn juvenile court era, they note, most youths were tried punished as if adults. Early reformers argued strongly against such a view, believing that justice system should offer treatment would cure them their antisocial ways. That rehabilitative model held sway until sharp upswing youth violence at twentieth led both public...
The first wave of reform after Gault focused on extending procedural rights tojuvenile defendants.More recent innovations have been driven by social control concers
Developmental differences regarding decision making are often reported in the absence of emotional stimuli and without context, failing to explain why some individuals more likely have a greater inclination toward risk. The current study (N=212; 10-25y) examined influence context on underlying functional brain connectivity over development its impact risk preference. Using imaging data neutral brain-state we first identify "brain age" given individual then validate it with an independent...
In this article, we explore the emerging and potential influence of adolescent brain science on law public policy. The primary importance research is in policy domains that implicate risk taking; these include drug alcohol use, driver licensing, criminal justice. We describe Supreme Court other arenas. Finally, argue current cannot contribute usefully to legal decisions about individual adolescents should not be used trials at present time, except provide general developmental information.
To assess the oral health status, use of dental care, and needs homebound elderly adults to determine whether medical diagnoses or demographic factors influenced perceived health.Cross-sectional analysis.Participants' homes in New York City.Homebound (N = 125).A trained research team conducted a comprehensive clinical examination participants' completed survey Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index.Participants who reported high level unmet were more likely be nonwhite, although this effect...
Abstract Developmental scientists have examined the independent effects of peer presence, social cues, and rewards on adolescent decision‐making cognitive control. Yet, these contextual factors often co‐occur in real world situations. The current study combined all three control, its underlying neural circuitry, using a task to better capture adolescents' interactions. A sample 176 participants ages 13–25, was scanned while performing an adapted go/no‐go alone or presence virtual peer....
12 Russell Hardin has commented that "if contracts become as shaky marriage, then our society will be in danger of collapse." Hardin, Trustworthiness, 107 Ethics 26, 35 (1996).The implication, which seems quite correct, is the more marriage like contract, solid and enduring marital relationship.See id.13A 1988 survey divorced women found only 16.8% were entitled to alimony under terms their divorce decrees.See Bureau Census, U.S. Dep't Commerce, Current Population Reports, Series P-23, No....
Modern child custody law faces an important challenge in responding to pluralistic and evolving gender parenting roles.Professor Scott finds rules favoring maternal custody, joint the best interests of wanting; she argues that optimal response current pluralism family structure is a rule seeks replicate past parental roles.This "approximation" standard promotes continuity stability for children.It encourages cooperative rather than conflictual resolution thereby ameliorating destructive...
Abstract Opinions of 789 community adults were individually assessed, using a video‐clip an actual armed robbery and other measures, to determine whether attitudes toward the culpability appropriate punishment young offenders linked offenders' age, race, physical appearance. Three major findings emerged: (1) endorse view that criminal choices are influenced by their developmental immaturity attribute more responsibility for act as actor gets older; (2) public has relatively strong preference...
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This paper examines the influence of legal regulation on social norms that shape marital behavior, focusing particularly interaction between reform and norm change in past generation. Two categories governed spousal parental roles traditional marriage--commitment gender norms. In regulating relationship, commitment functioned to promote cooperation allow parties make credible commitments, while encouraged spouses subordinate wife's interest husband. These norms, although analytically...