A5063241476- Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
- Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Ethics in medical practice
- Torture, Ethics, and Law
- Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Legal Systems and Judicial Processes
- Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Organ Donation and Transplantation
- Public Health Policies and Education
- Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
University of Virginia
2016-2025
Lahey Medical Center
2018-2022
Lahey Hospital and Medical Center
2018-2022
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2020-2022
University of California, San Francisco
2009-2022
University of Pennsylvania
2020-2022
Columbia University
2009-2021
Northwestern University
2020-2021
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
2020-2021
New York University
2021
Public health ethics, like the field of public it addresses, traditionally has focused more on practice and particular cases than theory, with result that some concepts, methods, boundaries remain largely undefined. This paper attempts to provide a rough conceptual map terrain ethics. We begin by briefly defining identifying general features are particularly relevant for discussion is primarily concerned entire population, rather individuals. Its include an emphasis promotion prevention...
Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous--both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well health risks--and earlier teens start drinking, greater danger. Despite these serious concerns, media continues make drinking look attractive youth, it remains possible even easy for teenagers get access alcohol....
Extended-release naltrexone, a sustained-release monthly injectable formulation of the full mu-opioid receptor antagonist, is effective for prevention relapse to opioid dependence. Data supporting its effectiveness in U.S. criminal justice populations are limited.
An individual is typically considered an adult at age 18, although the of adulthood varies for different legal and social policies. A key question how cognitive capacities relevant to these policies change with development. The current study used emotional go/no-go paradigm functional neuroimaging assess control under sustained states negative positive arousal in a community sample one hundred ten 13- 25-year-olds from New York City Los Angeles. results showed diminished performance brief...
Abstract “Competence” of criminal defendants is best viewed not as an open‐textured single construct but rather two related separable constructs‐a foundational concept competence to assist counsel, and a contextualized decisional competence. This approach has several advantages. First, it provides useful explanatory framework for the settled features existing law. Second, helps clarify issues in areas where law unsettled or controversial, such circumstances under which incompetence bars...
Outpatient commitment, although often viewed as merely an extension of inpatient is only one a growing array legal tools used to mandate treatment adherence. The authors describe various forms mandated community treatment. People with severe and chronic mental disorders depend on goods services provided by the social welfare system. Benefits disbursed representative payees provision subsidized housing have both been leverage ensure Many discharged patients are arrested for criminal offenses....
In response to a number of recent lawsuits related brain death determination, the American Academy Neurology Ethics, Law, and Humanities Committee convened multisociety quality improvement summit in October 2016 address, potentially correct, aspects determination within purview medical practice that may have contributed these lawsuits. This article, which has been endorsed by multiple societies are stakeholders summarizes discussion at this summit, wherein we (1) reaffirmed validity...
University of VirginiaThis article describes the development a new clinical instrument for use in assessments adultcriminal defendants' competence to proceed adjudication, MacArthur Competence AssessmentTool-Criminal Adjudication (MacCAT-CA). The MacCAT-CA was derived from more comprehen-sive research (MacArthur Structured Assessment Competencies Criminal Defendants;Hoge, Bonnie, Poythress, Monahan, & Eisenberg, 1997) on basis considerations efface validityfor legal contexts, psychometric...
Developmental differences regarding decision making are often reported in the absence of emotional stimuli and without context, failing to explain why some individuals more likely have a greater inclination toward risk. The current study (N=212; 10-25y) examined influence context on underlying functional brain connectivity over development its impact risk preference. Using imaging data neutral brain-state we first identify "brain age" given individual then validate it with an independent...
The evolved capacity for third-party punishment is considered crucial to the emergence and maintenance of elaborate human social organization central modern provision fairness justice within society. Although it well established that mental state offender severity harm he caused are two primary predictors decisions, precise cognitive brain mechanisms by which these distinct components evaluated integrated into a decision poorly understood. Using fMRI, here we implement novel experimental...
Assessment of competence to stand trial is a common evaluation that can have substantial consequences for defendants and the criminal justice system. Despite voluminous literature, much remains unknown. An obstacle progress in understanding what better termed "adjudicative competence" absence structured, standardized research measures assessment defendants. This article presents legal framework, strategy, instrument description, psychometric properties, construct validation MacArthur...
In this article, we explore the emerging and potential influence of adolescent brain science on law public policy. The primary importance research is in policy domains that implicate risk taking; these include drug alcohol use, driver licensing, criminal justice. We describe Supreme Court other arenas. Finally, argue current cannot contribute usefully to legal decisions about individual adolescents should not be used trials at present time, except provide general developmental information.
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Ideas and Opinions21 January 2020It's Time to Revise the Uniform Determination of Death ActAriane Lewis, MD, Richard J. Bonnie, LLB, Thaddeus Pope, JD, PhDAriane MDNYU Langone Medical Center, New York, York (A.L.), LLBUniversity Virginia School Law, University Medicine, Frank Batten Leadership Public Policy, Charlottesville, (R.J.B.), PhDMitchell Hamline Saint Paul, Minnesota (T.P.)Author, Article, Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M19-2731 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd...
Although death by neurologic criteria (brain death) is legally recognized throughout the United States, state laws and clinical practice vary concerning three key issues: (1) medical standards used to determine criteria, (2) management of family objections before determination (3) religious declaration criteria. The American Academy Neurology other stakeholder organizations involved in have undertaken concerted action address variation order ensure integrity brain determination. To...