The vertically integrated corporation of the 20th century has been replaced by disaggregated global supply chains across many industries. Dis-integration can reduce costs, but also limits ability to monitor and control critical processes, including labor practices sourcing supplies. This article asks: What organizational factors distinguish corporations that are able vouch for their from those not? Section 1502 Dodd–Frank Act 2010 gave companies over three years determine report on whether...

ABSTRACT Financial classification issues, and particularly the financial distress problem, continue to be subject vigorous investigation. The corporate credit granting process has not received as much attention in literature. This paper examines relative effectiveness of parametric, nonparametric judgemental procedures on a sample data. model is based Analytic Hierarchy Process. Evidence indicates that (nonparametric) recursive partitioning methods provide greater information than...

How can companies develop and maintain global supply chain networks that are robust—that is, capable of maintaining an uninterrupted flow goods materials—when confronted with a geographically spreading disruption could cause the shutdown multiple suppliers at once? To answer this question, article combines empirical analysis three automotive manufacturers computational experiments. The results reveal even when small fraction buyers adopt regionalizing supplier-selection practices—those in...

Both aryl and alkyl thionitrites (RSNO) were prepared quantitatively by the reaction of thiols with dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) under mild conditions. Unstable identified i.r. or u.v. spectra at low temperatures (e.g. 0 °C) their further reactions nucleophiles leading to known derivatives. The spectroscopic data these are summarized highly reactive found react readily other such as thiols, sulphinic acids, alcohols, secondary amines ca.–5 °C. Treatment acids was yield corresponding...

After the stock market crash of October 1987, Brady Report (1988) and several academic researchers suggested imposition “circuit breakers” to prevent from fluctuating excessively. Most financial markets in world have imposed circuit breaker systems, form price limits trading halts, an attempt reduce excessive volatility. Similar any other regulations, breakers proponents opponents. In this survey, we analyze benefits costs each type breaker, provide existing theoretical models predictions...

The reaction of thiols with N2O4 in an inert organic solvent such as CCl4 or ether at low temperatures afforded aryl and alkyl thionitrites quantitative yields; the thus obtained reacted very readily other sulphinic acids to give unsymmetrical disulphides thiolsulphonates nearly yields.

Korea has one of the largest stock markets in world and is process being opened to foreign investors. In an investigation relations between returns fundamental variables Korea, annual during 1982–93 period were positively related book–market, sales–price, debt–equity ratios, negatively firm size, not significantly earnings–price ratio or beta. These results add growing international evidence that value stocks outperform growth over long periods. Also for Korean stocks, book–market...

ABSTRACT This paper provides a method for evaluating investment in inventory that is consistent with wealth maximizing objective. Theoretical superiority and conceptual straightforwardness of the proposed approach arc demonstrated via development net present value models various systems. Some important financial implications study are also discussed.

Social embeddedness research has suggested that a history of collaboration between rivals should facilitate cooperation and prevent conflict. In contrast, the present study explores how people who subsequently become can exacerbate conflict rather than future when salient others may expect them to be antagonistic. We develop this argument for general set relationships in which agents previously collaborated while representing contesting principals. These perceived by principals they...

Existing theories exploring how companies interact with the law stop short of unveiling whether and why can differentially pursue, with, benefit from a particular legal environment. We theorize that use social structures—shared educational professional affiliations—between lawyers judges to strategically pursue specific jurisdictions, influence judges’ discretion, ultimately reap different outcomes same Using data on such affiliations between federal judges, we examine companies’ choice U.S....

Abstract This paper examines the interrelationships among debt policy, dividend and ownership structure using a simultaneous equation framework. Our approach allows us to test both convergence of interests theory entrenchment theory. Using sample publicly traded South Korean manufacturing firms, we find that policy have positive impact on policy. We also are positively related structure. findings support between management theory, explain why many studies found conflicting results.