The biases arising in the calculation of measurand estimate for nonlinear measurement models are considered. possibility reducing these by applying finite increments method is shown.

Abstract The analysis of the nonlinear model equation is carried out. in a Taylor series expanded. It shown that bias estimation combined standard uncertainty by using Law Propagation Uncertainty due to terms expansion second degree. To eliminate this bias, it necessary take into account kurtosis input quantities distributions. A finite increments method for obtaining reliable estimates uncertainties contributions equations proposed. practical example calculation comparison loss microwave...

Abstract The specific features of the measuring instruments verification based on results their calibration are considered. It is noted that, in contrast to procedure used legal metrology, for calibrated has take into account uncertainty measurements account. In this regard, a large number instruments, considered as those that compliance after turns out be not calibration. case, it necessary evaluate probability indicating instruments. determination basis Monte Carlo method An example...

The features of calibration analog ohmmeters are considered. Two measurement schemes for were studied: using a multivalued standard measure, which makes it possible to set the ohmmeter readings calibrated scale mark, and by direct resistance value single-valued measure ohmmeter. It is shown that in first case, reading error includes two components: due phenomenon parallax aligning needle with mark. In second instead last component, necessary take into account interpolation error. Expressions...

Determining the planimetric coordinates of an object is a topical task coordinate metrology, which finds application in cartography, geodesy, location and navigation. The article considers features measurement uncertainty evaluation coordinatesof on plane using rho-theta method. model substantiated. Expressions for estimating numerical values their combined standard uncertaintiesare obtained. expanded uncertainties kurtosis methodare found. budgets measuring Cartesian are presented. relative...

The features of the uncertainty evaluation measuring coordinates an object in plane by goniometric method (theta position fixing) are discussed. Measurement model presented that relate objects local rectangular coordinate system with angles found using goniometers. includes corrections for determining location base stations, and correction associated inaccuracies stations to north. Uncertainty budgets measurements given, which can be basis creating software automating calculation measurement...

The expression of calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) accredited laboratories in a range values is analysed, the insurance appropriate linear interpolation to find uncertainty at average considered. To minimize expanded uncertainty, it proposed calculate coverage factor using kurtosis method so that would correspond composition distribution laws input quantities. approximate laboratory when expressing them as an explicit function measurand, apply least squares method. For...

An expression for estimating the combined standard uncertainty taking into account observed correlation between estimates of two input quantities is given. The Welch – Satterthwaite formula given in GUM analyzed. It shown that number degrees freedom calculated using this will vary over a wide range when value coefficient changes, and some cases it may take an unacceptable zero value. calculating by reduction method does not depend on coefficient. A effective proposed. existing kurtosis...

The data processing specific features of supplementary bilateral comparisons are considered. Recommendations given for checking the stability travelling standard, as well procedure two types measurement standards: standards that haven’t been included in list key and those take unit size from participants comparisons. As an example, Koesters interferometers measuring gage blocks range 0.1 to 100 mm It is shown obtained discrepancy results confirmed a good degree equivalence installations...

The shortcomings of the Guide to Expression Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), which led need for its revision, are considered. reasons limitation using Monte Carlo method calculating measurement uncertainty accredited test and calibration laboratories listed. claims first edition revised GUM, prepared by JCGM, substantiated.The authors’ proposed ways implement algorithm processing results estimating uncertainties based on Bayesian approach analyzed. limitations modeling GUM con­sidered. An...

A method for calibrating a glass thermometer is investigated and procedure measurement uncertainty evaluation based on the kurtosis developed. The correlation between indication of reference calibrated thermometers at taken into account. effectiveness reduction applying in calculating correlated measurements demonstrated. Uncertainty budgets have been drawn up, which can be used as basis developing software tools to automate evaluation. real example calibration considered. It shown that...

The main requirements for the revised GUM are considered. proposed algorithm processing measurement results is given. Criteria compliance with listed described. Methods a nonlinear model proposed.

The article provides examples of the application electrical resistance standards in metrological practice. Existing methods for their calibration are analyzed. It is established that using a comparator most accurate and common method calibrating standards.A model transferring size unit considered. An expression given evaluation value measurand. procedure estimating expanded measurement uncertainty based on kurtosis described, budget drawn up. example coil P321 P3015 given. coincidence...

A comparison of two approaches to measurements accuracy evaluation is carried out: the theory errors and uncertainty concept. It shown that, conceptually, difference between these reduced in coordinate systems relative which true measured values measurand are considered. The classification uncertainties given them shown. characteristics error uncertainty, methods their compared. mathematical expressions for confidence limits expanded made. limitations both given. drawbacks concept ways improvement

Disadvantages of the law propagation uncertainty underlying implementation model approach in GUM are analyzed. Advanced methods for implementing a to measurement evaluation described, which allow eliminating shortcomings framework: distributions, kurtosis method, expanded uncertainty, observational results reliable type A correlated and uncorrelated input quantities.