The lignin-to-chemicals valorisation has increased the interest of scientific community in exploring effective lignin depolymerisation. Lignin is most abundant natural resource aromatic components with a high potential to be converted into various chemicals, thus increasing level an integrated biorefinery. This review focuses on depolymerisation mechanism, chemical reaction kinetics and transport phenomena studies, recently introduced field chemistry understand reactivity macromolecule two-...

Organosolv process: from biomass to sustainable products.

Abstract The selective lignin conversion into bio-based organic mono-aromatics is a major general challenge due to complex structure itself/additional macromolecule modifications, caused by the cleavage of ether chemical bonds during lignocellulosic biomass organosolv pulping in acidified aqueous ethanol. Herein, acido-lysis connected benzyl phenyl (BPE), being representative model compound with α-O-4 linkage, was investigated methanol, EtOH and 75 vol% EtOH/water mixture solutions,...

The development of effective lignin depolymerization is essential for the extraction aromatic building blocks from renewable resources. In this study, technical lignins (Soda and Kraft) were depolymerized in supercritical ethanol using Ru/C as a catalyst an inert (N2) or reducing (H2) atmosphere. effects structure atmosphere studied on depolymerization, products formed such solid residue, oligomeric fragments monomers. Reasonable yields oligomers monomers (32.7 wt% 4.7 wt%, respectively)...

The natural aromatic polymer lignin and its lignin-like oligomeric fragments have attracted attention for their antioxidant capacity free radical scavenging activities. In this study, a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to assess the of fractionated partially depolymerized organosolv by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) UV-Vis spectroscopy. results show significant activity both fragments, with EPR measurements demonstrating efficiency in quenching radicals. data...

Abstract Beech (Fagus Sylvatica) milled-wood lignin was used as a model substrate in study of lignin-catalyzed liquefaction the presence p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) or sulphuric catalysts. The structural changes that undergoes during treatment were studied by NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, size-exclusion chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. For acid-catalyzed liquefaction, it shown greater hydronium ion concentration reaction mixture induced formation more...

In this study, acidolysis of benzyl phenyl ether (BPE), being a representative lignin model compound with the α-O-4 linkage, was examined in γ-valerolactone (GVL) and GVL/water mixture, each time acidified sulfuric acid. The product distribution strongly affected by water used as cosolvent, which found to be advantageous inhibiting formation larger structures introducing reactive OH groups instead. experimental results indicate ratio an important parameter attain optimal hydrolytic α-ether...

Abstract Castanea sativa plays a significant role in the Italian forestry sector, covering 7.5 % of Italy's land. This biomass resource includes volumes wood processing residues: recent years, its exploitation has shifted from fuel production to high‐value applications, focusing on lignocellulosic fractionation obtain biopolymers. Lignin, most abundant aromatic biopolymer, gained attention due potential for various industrial uses. Amid chemical treatments, hydrothermal treatment offers...

Abstract Liquefaction of Central‐European softwoods meal was performed using a mixture diethylene glycol and glycerol minor addition p ‐toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst. The liquefied wood used replacement certain amount the polyhydroxy alcohol in polyester synthesis, enabled by large number hydroxyl groups that were available wood. Three different polyesters synthesized adipic phthalic anhydride reagents. products characterized FTIR, GPC/SEC, viscosity measurements. have values reduced due...

Unlocking lignin potential by selective demethylation of its monomers and oligomers.

The valorisation of technical lignins by conversion is herein demonstrated using an acidic deep eutectic solvent in the absence or presence a co-catalyst (H 2 SO 4 H O ).

Lignin is an aromatics' natural source that can be converted into separate high value chemical compounds. Due to the highly-functionalised network structure of phenols, mechanisms, activity and selectivity acid-supported transition metal rate catalyst (NiMo/Al2O3) for hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) defunctionalisation (l) phase model components (eugenol, guaiacol 4-propylguaiacol) were investigated in this integrated experimental, characterisation modelling study. Commercially...

Lignin, a subject of extensive study in academies and industries, is known for its natural abundance, biodegradability, potential to be transformed into biochemicals biomaterials. However, the original biomass extraction treatments, such as kraft pulping organosolv process, significantly influence chemical structure, leading variations reactivity. Unfortunately, many scientific publications fail provide comprehensive lignin property descriptions, which hampers experiment reproducibility...

Cellulose was treated in ethylene glycol with p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate as a catalyst at different temperatures. At the highest treatment temperature (150 °C) liquefaction of wood pulp cellulose achieved and dependant on polymerization degree (DP). Furthermore, rate amorphous weight loss found to increase polymerization, while crystalline reciprocal size crystallites. The degradation studied by monitoring molecular mass decrease size-exclusion chromatography. It revealed that...

Benzyl phenyl ether (BPE) was used as a model compound to study the mechanism of α-O-4 bond cleavage in lignin. The selection solvent (methanol, ethanol, γ-valerolactone, water), catalyst loading (0.5–1.5 wt% H2SO4) and effect reaction temperature (160–200 °C) on acidolysis, performed batch reactor under an inert atmosphere, were considered. A mathematical including thermodynamics kinetics developed describe experimental data obtain relevant kinetic parameters. results indicate that...

The aim of the study was to isolate lignin from organosolv, beech tree (Fagus sylvatica), and Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica), use it for paper surface replace part non-renewable product resources with bio-based ones. A total nine coated samples different formulations starch were compounded, prepared, evaluated. basic (grammage, thickness, specific density), mechanical (elongation at break, tensile, burst tear indices), barrier properties (contact angle, water penetration, vapour...

Waste plastics/pyrolysis oil (WPO) obtained from a batch rotary kiln pyrolysis reactor was collected and stored for 60 months in dark at 10 °C, periodically thoroughly characterized changes physical chemical properties finally tested as the drop-in fuel power generating units. Changes during storage were manifested through chain length increase C5-C33 to C5-C43 distillation curve shift 150 °C. The attributed repolymerization reactions consequently lowered alkene alkane ratio, occurring slow...