A5040334909- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Global Health Care Issues
- Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Optical measurement and interference techniques
- Flow Measurement and Analysis
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Wind Energy Research and Development
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Fluid Dynamics and Mixing
- Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization
- Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows
- Frailty in Older Adults
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Vibration and Dynamic Analysis
- Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Heat Transfer Mechanisms
- Underwater Acoustics Research
Public Health Scotland
2017-2023
Model Driven Solutions (United States)
2022
Dalhousie University
2005-2021
National Health Service Scotland
2011-2020
Heriot-Watt University
1994-2005
Mayo Clinic
1997-1999
University of Edinburgh
1975-1995
Heriot-Watt University Malaysia
1987-1994
University of Oxford
1980
Abstract Background Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) are an established method for quantifying population health needs and guiding prioritisation decisions. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates aim to ensure comparability between countries over time by using age-standardised rates (ASR) account differences in the age structure different populations. Different standard populations used this purpose but it is not widely appreciated that choice may affect only resulting also rankings...
Grant M. A. Wyper1*Ricardo Assunção2Edoardo Colzani3Ian Grant4Juanita Haagsma5Giske Lagerweij6Elena Von der Lippe7Scott McDonald6Sara Pires8Michael Porst7Niko Speybroeck9Brecht Devleesschauwer10,11
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) combine the impact of morbidity and mortality can enable comprehensive, comparable, assessments direct indirect health harms due to COVID-19. Our aim was estimate DALYs directly COVID-19 in Scotland, during 2020; contextualise its population relative other causes disease injury.
Peripheral neuropathy occurs in Sjögren9s syndrome, a disorder which systemic immunologic phenomena, including vasculitis, are common. Neuropathy also with isolated sicca complex (keratoconjunctivitis and xerostomia); whether this represents distinct syndrome is unclear. We retrospectively studied 54 patients peripheral to determine mode of presentation, neuropathic patterns, frequency pattern serologic abnormalities, disease, necrotizing vasculitis. was the presenting problem 87%. Although...
Abstract Background Evidence has emerged showing that elderly people and those with pre-existing chronic health conditions may be at higher risk of developing severe consequences from COVID-19. In Europe, this is particular relevance ageing populations living non-communicable diseases, multi-morbidity frailty. Published estimates Years Lived Disability (YLD) the Global Burden Disease (GBD) study help to characterise extent these effects. Our aim was identify countries across Europe have...
Abstract Background Summary measures of population health are increasingly used in different public reporting systems for setting priorities care and social service delivery planning. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) one the most commonly gap summary field have become key metric quantifying burden disease (BoD). BoD methodology is, however, complex highly data demanding, requiring a substantial capacity to apply, which has led major disparities across researchers nations their...
Measurements are presented of the frequency vortex shedding from, in turn, a circular, D-section cylinder, and flat plate for flow that has single-frequency perturbation superimposed on its mean velocity component. It is found over range velocities locks-in to such half frequency. Also, which lock-in occurs increases as amplitude increased. With lock-in, base pressure decrease, measurements from circular cylinder show correlation increases. The changes associated with be greatest cylinder.
Background Reducing health inequalities is an important policy objective but there limited quantitative information about the impact of specific interventions. Objectives To provide estimates a range interventions on and inequalities. Materials Methods Literature reviews were conducted to identify best evidence linking mortality hospital admissions. We examined across determinants health: 'living wage'; changes benefits, taxation employment; active travel; tobacco taxation; smoking...
Results of a blade-vortex interaction (BVI) study incorporating particle image velocimetry (PIV) are presented. Test cases encompass variety intersection geometries, including head-on parallel interactions. provide quantified flow visualization images the flows generated during The deformation and division vortex interactions documented. In addition, secondary vortical structures observed their effect upon is examined. All PIV results examined in light understanding gained from previous...
Severity distributions are a means of summarising the range health loss suffered to disease which enables estimates occurrence be paired with disability weights estimate Years Lost Disability (YLD) in burden studies. There is lack current data exploring severity distributions, has led Global Burden Disease (GBD) study relying on using same across countries and regions world. This also largely true for some national studies, although there exceptions. Recent evidence raised concerns that...
Abstract Background COVID-19 has caused almost unprecedented change across health, education, the economy and social interaction. It is widely understood that existing mechanisms which shape health inequalities have resulted in outcomes following this same, familiar, pattern. Our aim was to estimate population impact of Scotland, measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) 2020. secondary scale overall, in, DALYs against level pre-pandemic all-cause DALYs, derived from Scottish Burden...
A description is given of the structure turbulent wake behind a circular cylinder that was determined using conditional averaging technique. The found for steady flow and also in which an in-line velocity perturbation superimposed on component. frequency chosen so vortex shedding locked-in to frequency. structures two wakes are compared it large changes occur with lock-in, strength vortices increasing their lateral separation decreasing. It estimated increase results from amount vorticity...
Background Cause-specific mortality trends are routinely reported for Scotland. However, ill-defined deaths not redistributed to more precise and internationally comparable categories nor is the in terms of years life lost facilitate calculation burden disease. This study describes Years Life Lost (YLL) specific causes death Scotland from 2000 2015. Methods We obtained records all by age, sex, area underlying cause between Ill-Defined Deaths (IDDs) exact meaningful using accepted methods....
Increasingly Burden of Disease (BOD) measures are being used to influence policy decisions because they summarise the complete effects morbidity and mortality in an equitable manner. An important element producing non-fatal BOD estimates severity distributions. The Global (GBD) study use same distributions across countries due a lack available country-specific data. In Scottish (SBOD) we developed national for cancer types. main aim this was consider extent which worldwide studies...
The confidence or fiducial limits attached to the estimates of mean velocity and turbulence intensity obtained by PIV measurements are discussed. effect background sample size considered illustrated experiment.
Abstract Background The InfAct (Information for Action) project is a European Commission Joint Action on Health Information which has promoted the potential role of burden disease (BoD) approaches to improve current Union-Health System (EU-HIS). It done so by raising awareness concept, methods used calculate estimates and their implications uses in policymaking. BoD approach systematic scientific effort quantify compare magnitude health loss due different diseases, injuries, risk factors...