Despite many studies of the aging process, questions about key factors ensuring longevity have not yet found clear answers. Temperature seems to be one most important regulating lifespan. However, genetic background may also play a role in determining longevity. The aim this study was investigate relationship between temperature, (fruit fly origin), and metabolic rate on Experiments were performed with use wild type Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies originating from Australia, Canada,...

Climate change, and in particular the increase temperature we are currently observing, can affect herbivorous insects. Aphids, as poikilothermic organisms, directly exposed to increases that influence their metabolism. Heat stress causes disturbances between generations neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim this work is focused on explaining how aphid, using example Aphis pomi, responds abiotic caused by increase. experiment was carried out under controlled conditions at...

This study investigates the potential ecological niche and distribution of Nearctic bow-legged fir aphid, Cinara curvipes, an alien potentially invasive species, across Europe. Utilising climate modelling based on climatic preferences in its native range, we assess suitability European climates for facilitating spread this aphid. Coupled with presence suitable host plants, mostly firs (Abies spp.) or cedars (Cedrus spp.), there is aphid to extend range most regions, projections suggesting...

In ecosystems that have been disturbed by agricultural management, ecosystem services such as adequate pest control are also disturbed. Exploiting interactions between beneficial insects and plants can contribute to improving service delivery biological control. One of the effective methods naturally increasing biodiversity on crop plantations is use plant strips. The aim our work was demonstrate role flower strips in sustainable management vineyards. particular, relationship composition...

Robinia pseudoacacia L. is an interesting example of how one plant species can be considered invasive or useful depending on its environment. In the past this tree was planted for decorative purposes and wood in Poland. For many years it recommended poor degraded habitats because facilitated late-successional species. The aim study to verify if black locust still regarded as a resistant urban greenery. health condition old specimens growing along streets parks compared. occurrence pests...

Temperature, being the main factor that has an influence on insects, causes changes in their development, reproduction, winter survival, life cycles, migration timing, and population dynamics. The effects of stress caused by a temperature increase insects may depend many factors, such as frequency, amplitude, duration stress, sex, or developmental stage insect. aim study was to determine differences enzymatic activity nymphs adult aphids Aphis pomi, Macrosiphum rosae Cinara cupressi,...

Aphids are herbivores carrying the status of major pests for crops and ornamental plants. The many specific biological features aphids allow them to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. As other insects, a predominant strategy surviving winter, is laying diapausing eggs. During diapause, expression development may vary between species. Most insects stop growing during diapause; however, there limited information about this process. We immunostained embryos in order detect cell...

Thermal stress in living organisms causes an imbalance between the processes of creating and neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The work aims to explain changes aphid–host plant interaction due increase temperature. Tests were carried out at three constant temperatures (20, 25, or 28 °C). Firstly, development Macrosiphum rosae determined. Secondly, activity enzymatic markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), β-glucosidase, polyphenol...

Aphids are commonly considered to be serious pests for trees, herbaceous and cultivated plants. Recognition identification of individual species is very difficult based mainly on morphological features. The aims the study were suggest possibility identifying aphids through use Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, determine which absorption peaks most useful separate aphid species. Using FTIR chemical composition body, we able distinguish 12 aphid. We have shown that using nine...

Abstract Aphids are a good model to study insect reaction habitat change. Temperature is one of the main factors that influences insects. This paper examines influence temperature on developmental stages, fecundity, survival rate and demographic parameters Cinara tujafilina (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea, Lachnidae), connected with decorative plants Cupressaceae family. C. was reared in laboratory T. orientalis at five constant temperatures 10, 15, 20, 25 28°C, 70% humidity 14L:10D. The...

Aphids adapt to unfavourable environmental conditions, such as low temperatures in winter, by laying diapausing eggs that overwinter. Diapause is a stress-resistant and developmentally arrested stage can be adopted order increase the chance of survival adverse conditions. The diapause process aphids still very poorly understood. We followed development two species aphids, Brachycorynella asparagi Appendiseta robiniae, using immunostained embryos identify mitotic cell divisions. Two different...

Global warming has the potential to affect many animal species, in particular temperature-dependent insects with their short generation times and high reproductive rates which facilitate adaptations long-term climatic fluctuations. Aphids are model species studying association of insect biology large-scale climate fluctuations because they multiply only within a certain range temperatures rate development directly depends on temperature. Here, we investigate effect phenology voltinism...

Observations in recent years have shown that climate change can affect plants and herbivorous insects. An increase temperature indirectly insects by changing quality of host plant tissues or directly affecting their biology. So far, little research has addressed the problem interactive impact abiotic biotic stress on defence mechanisms, effectivity mechanisms. The work is aimed at explaining how reacts to caused elevated additional feeding Aphis pomi aphids. Experiments a climatic chamber...

The occurrence of three bamboo aphid species the genus Takecallis was detected. T. arundicolens (Clarke) and arundinariae (Essig) were recorded for first time in Poland, new localities nigroantennatus Wieczorek found. Key diagnostic morphological characteristics to help distinguish these DNA barcoding analyze individuals at molecular level provided.

Abstract Elements of the biology and ecology A. robiniae were studied in Poland during period 2008–2009. The term spring hatching, number generations per season, developmental time particular generations, lifespan specimens fecundity all defined. dynamics species’ occurrence on its host plant also determined. two-year study showed a maximum 11 aphid can develop Robinia pseudoacacia. Females second third found to be most fertile. These findings indicate that species has adapted well...

Abstract The main strategy allowing aphids to survive winter is egg‐laying. However, anholocyclic species that breed parthenogenetically throughout the year are forced overwinter as active morphs. Cinara tujafilina (del Guercio, 1909) ( H emiptera, A phidoidea, L achnidae) an infesting mainly twigs of T huja orientalis . Laboratory and field experiments reported in present study contribute towards a description life employed by this winter. In winter, C produces three five generations infest...

One of the consequences climate change is expansion insects’ ranges. Colonization new habitats forces insects to adapt conditions, such as low temperatures in winter. Cinara tujafilina a thermophilic anholocyclic aphid species, which reproduce exclusively parthenogenetic throughout year, including On areas where populations C. had expanded, it demonstrated its adaptation for surviving colder winters. Based on analyses changes body chemical composition using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)...

Ant-aphid mutualism has been investigated by many authors but it is unknown if anti-predator protection provided ants the main benefit for aphids. The aim of our paper to analyse ant-aphid interactions in absence predators. Based on video recordings we distinguish ant behaviours with attended aphids and present time-budget at different times day. We also test an aphid colony can survive without attendance environment free from predators inquire how much needed maintain good condition. Our...

The Carpathians are Eastern Europe’s largest contiguous forest ecosystem and a hotspot of biodiversity. However, not much is known about changes in species diversity these forests. Here we investigate the long-time plant communities Carpathian beech We also inquire similarity between managed protected conduct our analyses using only broad-sense measure β (βsor) but measures that reveal whether result from spatial turnover (βsim) or nestedness (βnes). Our study demonstrated mean richness did...