Abstract The vine mealybug, P lanococcus ficus ( S ignoret) H emiptera: seudococcidae), is a major pest of vineyards. Here, we tested the efficacy mating disruption method against when applied during one or two successive years in high and low infestation levels. Following 1 year treatment, at initial levels shutdown pheromone traps was observed, along with significant reduction infested vines. With initially levels, gradual vines trap seen only after second application. We discuss...

Abstract Within food webs, vectors of plant pathogens interact with individuals other species across multiple trophic levels, including predators, competitors, and mutualists. These interactions may in turn affect vector‐borne by altering vector fitness behavior. Predators, for example, consume reduce their abundance, but often spur movement as they seek to avoid predation. However, a general framework predict how pathogens, the resulting spread is lacking. Here we developed mathematical...

Summary Species from three subfamilies of Cicadellidae and one species Cixiidae, all potential vectors phytoplasmas, were trapped in vineyards over the course two years. These insects caught on yellow sticky traps during spring; virtually none summer months. Molecular analysis (PCR) selected samples leafhoppers planthoppers for presence phytoplasma DNA was conducted most species. Neoaliturus fenestratus abundant known vector positive stolbur (Stol) aster yellows (AY) phytoplasma. Circulifer...

Background and Aims Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the most widespread viral diseases grapevine. In present study, we suggest a methodology that combines real multiyear GLD spatial infection data simulations different management strategies to study their impact on spread. Methods Results We used assess risk vines adjacent infected vines. Directly were at significantly higher for in subsequent years than distant Nevertheless, found no difference absolute number newly yearly...

<title>Abstract</title> Mating disruption, an environmentally friendly pest-control method, utilizes synthetic sex pheromones to interfere with males' ability locate females for mating. An increase in successful mate encounters can occur due uneven distribution of the field, allowing males and calling areas low pheromone concentration larger pest populations, where random between are more likely happen by chance. The study results demonstrate greater fruit damage higher abundances male...

Background and Aims Grapevine yellows caused by different phytoplasma strains share common epidemiological horticultural characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the implications disease epidemiology for growers. Methods Results Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay blocks were mapped annually symptoms, new infections vine recovery assessed. We measured yield pruning weight healthy, symptomatic recovered vines, as well presence particles in leaves, shoots roots. show a high remission...

A stolbur‐type phytoplasma is the putative pathogen of grapevine yellows disease that causes economic damage to vineyards in most growing areas around world. The known be transmitted vines by two planthoppers, Hyalesthes obsoletus and Reptalus panzer ; latter found Europe but has not yet been observed Israel. establishment a vector–pathogen–plant relationship requires vector meet on shared host plant. This does happen ecosystem examined here, where different principal plants for obligate its...

Abstract BACKGROUND Mating disruption (MD) employs high doses of a pest's synthetic sex pheromone in agricultural plots, to interfere with its reproduction. MD is assumed have few behavioral effects on non‐target arthropods, because pheromones are highly species‐specific and non‐toxic. Nevertheless, some natural enemies use their host's as foraging cues, thus may be attracted plots. To investigate this hypothesis, we compared parasitoid spider assemblages paired plots five Israeli vineyards...

Reproductive cycle and oogenesis were studied in specimens of Salamandra salamandra infraimmaculata Mertens that inhabit fringe areas the taxon's distribution Mediterranean region. Both ovarian mass length are correlated significantly with body length. Ovarian is also number oocytes. During oogenetic six stages oocyte development recognized. Three occur during previtellogenesis: stage 1, which oogonia divide form cell nests; 2 differentiate into oocytes; 3, cytoplasm increases volume. In...

Cannibalistic behaviour in seven Salamandra salamandra infraimmaculata half-sib cohort larvae (each born to a single female and at the same time) juveniles was studied under different food density conditions. The level of cannibalistic (tails bitten off or eaten) changed as grew, from low during first week peak five weeks, regardless differences mass between experimental larvae. No observed post-metamorphic salamanders even if they were Significant levels cannibalism found among cohorts....

In this study we describe the growth of several different larval cohorts (i.e. half‐siblings same mother born on day) a rare, xeric‐adapted salamander Salamandra s. infraimmaculata Martens, 1885, under constant density and food conditions from birth to metamorphosis. The larvae spend critical first phase their lives in water, mostly temporary ponds. Age weight at metamorphosis were highly affected by varying conditions. We have identified six modes that these use, both fast growing slow...

Management of the peach flatheaded rootborer, Capnodis tenebrionis, a major pest stone-fruit orchards in Mediterranean area, is based on preventive measures, due to insufficient information population levels, and ineffective methods aimed at monitoring adults. This study elucidating role chemical communication between adults, involvement host tree as meeting point for males females. may assist setting base procedure beetle development baits lure trap. We detected no sexual signals or...