Relationships between temperament and a range of performance, carcass, meat quality traits in young cattle were studied 2 experiments conducted New South Wales (NSW) Western Australia (WA), Australia. In both experiments, growth rates assessed during backgrounding on pasture grain finishing feedlot. Carcass objective characteristics measured after slaughter. Feed intake efficiency also determined NSW. Brahman (n = 82 steers heifers) Angus 25 24 used the NSW experiment. NSW, was by measuring...

Deposition of intramuscular fat, or "marbling," in beef cattle contributes significantly to meat quality variables, including juiciness, flavor, and tenderness. The accumulation fat is largely influenced by the genetic background cattle, as well their age nutrition. To identify genes that can be used early biomarkers for prediction marbling capacity, we studied muscle transcriptome 2 crossbreeds with contrasting content. transcriptomes LM tissue heifers from Wagyu x Hereford (WxH; n = 6)...

Severe, chronic growth retardation of cattle early in life reduces potential, resulting smaller animals at any given age. Capacity for long-term compensatory diminishes as the age onset nutritional restriction prolonged declines. Hence, more extreme intrauterine can result slower throughout postnatal life. However, within limits beef production systems, neither severely restricted utero nor from birth to weaning influences efficiency nutrient utilisation later Retail yield during pregnancy...

Cattle sired by Piedmontese or Wagyu bulls were bred and grown within pasture-based nutritional systems followed feedlot finishing. Effects of low (mean 28.6 kg, n = 120) high (38.8 birth weight slow 554 g/day, 119) rapid (875 121) growth to weaning on carcass, yield beef quality characteristics at about 30 months age examined. Low calves weighed 56 kg less age, had 32 lighter carcasses, yielded 18 retail compared with calves. Composition carcasses differed little due when adjusted an...

Experiments were conducted concurrently at 2 locations to quantify effects and interactions of calpain-system tenderness gene markers on growth, efficiency, temperament, carcass traits Brahman cattle. Cattle selected weaning from commercial research herds based their genotype for commercially available calpastatin (CAST) calpain 3 (CAPN3) beef tenderness. Genotypes mu-calpain (CAPN1-4751 CAPN1-316) also determined included in statistical analyses. The New South Wales (NSW) herd was composed...

Effects and interactions of calpain-system tenderness gene markers on objective meat quality traits Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle were quantified within 2 concurrent experiments at different locations. Cattle selected for study from commercial research herds weaning based their genotype calpastatin (CAST) calpain 3 (CAPN3) beef tenderness. Gene marker status μ-calpain (CAPN1–4751 CAPN1–316) was also determined inclusion in statistical analyses. Eighty-two heifer 82 castrated male with 0 or...

This study aimed to identify markers for muscle growth rate and the different cellular contributors cattle link specific cell types. The expression of two groups genes in longissimus (LM) 48 Brahman steers similar age, significantly enriched "cell cycle" "ECM (extracellular matrix) organization" Gene Ontology (GO) terms was correlated with average daily gain/kg liveweight (ADG/kg) animals. However, same only partly related across a time course postnatal LM development genotypes, Piedmontese...

Intramuscular fat (IMF) can improve meat product quality through its impact on flavour and juiciness. High marbling cuts command premium prices in some countries grading systems, but there is substantial cost involved choosing to grain feed animals an effort deposit more IMF. There would be value developing methods predict predisposition 'marble' well. Unfortunately, the biological mechanisms underpinning remain a mystery: key adipocyte cell populations have not been defined, are no reliable...

Molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle associated with anabolic steroid treatment of cattle are unclear and we aimed to characterize transcriptional changes. Cattle were chronically exposed (68 ± 20 days) a hormone implant containing 200 mg trenbolone acetate estradiol (Revalor-H). Biopsy samples from 48 (half treated) longissimus dorsi (LD) under local anesthesia collected. Gene expression levels profiled by microarray, covering 16,944 unique bovine genes: 121 genes differentially...

Gene expression phenotypes were evaluated for intramuscular fat (IMF) in bovine skeletal muscle as an alternative to traditional estimates of IMF%. data from a time course LM development high- and low-marbling Bos taurus cattle crosses compared identify genes involved adipocyte lipid metabolism with developmentally similar gene profiles. Three sets identified: triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis storage, fatty acid (FA) synthesis, PPARγ-related genes. In independent analysis the 48 indicus...

The aim of this study was to quantify the effects nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on birth weight growth weaning Piedmontese Wagyu sired calves. This research also conducted provide animals for long-term studies consequences early in life. During 2 breeding cycles, Hereford cows were managed within low or high pasture-based nutritional systems from about 80 days parturition. lactation, calves their dams remained system crossed over alternative system. From commencement treatment...

The objective of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the calpain 1 (CAPN1), 3 (CAPN3) and calpastatin (CAST) genes, which have been shown be associated with shear force tenderness differences skeletal muscle cattle, contribute phenotypic variation by modulating transcriptional activity their respective gene. mRNA expression CAST genes assessed longissimus lumborum (LLM) cattle from two herds located distinct production zones on east (New South...

Cattle sired by Piedmontese or Wagyu bulls were bred and grown within pasture-based nutritional systems followed feedlot finishing. Effects of low (mean 28.6 kg, n = 120) high (38.8 birthweight slow 554 g/day, 119) rapid (875 121) growth to weaning on beef primal cut weights at ~30 months age examined. slowly had smaller cuts 30 as a result reduced liveweight carcasses compared with their rapidly counterparts. Hence they require additional economic inputs reach target market weights. At...

The objective of this study was to develop a proof concept for using off-the-shelf Red Green Blue-Depth (RGB-D) Microsoft Kinect cameras objectively assess P8 rump fat (P8 fat; mm) and muscle score (MS) traits in Angus cows steers. Data from low high muscled cattle (156 79 steers) were collected at multiple locations time points. following steps required the 3-dimensional (3D) image data subsequent machine learning techniques learn traits: 1) reduce dimensionality point cloud by extracting...

This study evaluated the relationship between rectal temperature (TREC, °C) and vaginal (TVAG, in grazing Bos taurus heifers, to develop an understanding of reliability these measures as estimates core body temperature. Nineteen Angus heifers (BW = 232.2 ± 6.91 kg) were implanted with intra-rectal intra-vaginal data loggers. Rectal TVAG simultaneously recorded at 20 s intervals over 18.5 h. Heifers housed a singular cohort on pastures for duration study. A strong linear (R2 0.72, p <...

Consequences of low (mean 28.0 kg, n = 77) and high 38.4 birthweight followed by slow 548 g/day, 75) or rapid 859 79) growth to weaning for feedlot growth, intake efficiency from 26 30 months age were determined in Wagyu × Hereford (n 81) Piedmontese 73) cattle. Cattle selected study based on preweaning rate, multi-modal distributions achieved imposition maternal nutrition during pregnancy lactation, with the objective achieving as close possible a 30% difference 2-fold rate between progeny...

We investigated the effects of calpain-system genetic markers on consumer beef quality ratings, including interactions marker with hormonal growth promotant (HGP) use and tenderstretch hanging. Brahman cattle in New South Wales (NSW; n = 164) Western Australia (WA; 141) were selected at weaning from commercial research herds to achieve balance divergence calpastatin (CAST) calpain 3 (CAPN3) gene status. Genotypes for μ-calpain (CAPN1-4751 CAPN1-316) also determined. Angus (49 NSW, 17 WA)...

Two Australian beef cattle herds, in which selection for muscularity was a primary objective, were used this study to identify bovine myostatin (MSTN) mutations associated with increased muscling, and assess associations between genotype performance, carcass meat quality traits. One research herd (herd A) established from Angus × Hereford cows, comprised high low muscle line. The other B) commercial enterprise of Charolais origin. Sequencing the MSTN coding region flanking splice junctions...