This article discusses frameworks for studying expertise at the knowledge level and knowledge-use level. It reviews existing approaches such as inference structures, distinction between deep surface knowledge, problem-solving methods, generic tasks. A new synthesis is put forward in form of a componential framework that stresses modularity an analysis pragmatic constraints on task. The rule from expert system (the Dipmeter Advisor) used to illustrate framework.

What processes can explain how very large populations are able to converge on the use of a particular word or grammatical construction without global coordination? Answering this question helps understand why new language constructs usually propagate along an S-shaped curve with rather sudden transition towards agreement. It also analyse and design technologies that support orchestrate self-organizing communication systems, such as recent social tagging systems for web. The article...

This paper surveys work on the computational modeling of origins and evolution language. The main approaches are described some example experiments from domains communication, phonetics, lexicon formation, syntax discussed.

Language is a shared set of conventions for mapping meanings to utterances. This paper explores self-organization as the primary mechanism formation vocabulary. It reports on computational experiment in which group distributed agents develop ways identify each other using names or spatial descriptions. also shown that proposed copes with acquisition an existing vocabulary by new entering community and expansion meanings.

This paper explores the hypothesis that language communication in its very first stage is bootstrapped a social learning process under strong influence of culture. A concrete framework for has been developed based on notion game. Autonomous robots have programmed to behave according this framework. We show experiments demonstrate why there be causal role category acquisition; partly by showing it leads effectively bootstrapping and other forms do not generate categories usable or make...

Language is a shared set of conventions for mapping meanings to utterances. This paper explores self-organization as the primary mechanism formation vocabulary. It reports on computational experiment in which group distributed agents develop ways identify each other using names or spatial descriptions. also shown that proposed copes with acquisition an existing vocabulary by new entering community and expansion meanings.

Behavior-oriented Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a scientific discipline that studies how behavior of agents emerges and becomes intelligent adaptive. Success the field defined in terms success building physical are capable maximizing their own self-preservation interaction with dynamically changing environment. The paper addresses this Life route toward AI reviews some results obtained so far.

In this paper we present a new approach to monitor noise pollution involving citizens and built upon the notions of participatory sensing citizen science. We enable measure their personal exposure in everyday environment by using GPS-equipped mobile phones as sensors. The geo-localised measures user-generated meta-data can be automatically sent shared online with public contribute collective mapping cities. Our prototype, called Noise Tube, found online.

The Talking Heads Experiment, conducted in the years 1999-2001, was first large-scale experiment which open populations of situated embodied agents created for time ever a new shared vocabulary by playing language games about real world scenes front them. could teleport to different physical sites through Internet. Sites, Antwerp, Brussels, Paris, Tokyo, London, Cambridge and several other locations were linked into network. Humans interact with robotic either on site or remotely Internet...

We study the question of how a local learning algorithm, executed by multiple distributed agents, can lead to global system communication. First, notion perfect communication is defined. Next, two measures quality are specified. It shown that maximization these leads production. Based on this principle, adaptation rules for development constructed. The resulting stochastic algorithm validated in computational experiments. Empirical analysis indicates mild degree stochasticity instrumental...