We investigate a purely stellar dynamical solution to the Final Parsec Problem. Galactic nuclei resulting from major mergers are not spherical, but show some degree of triaxiality. With N-body simulations, we that equal-mass massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) hosted by them will continuously interact with stars on centrophilic orbits and thus inspiral—in much less than Hubble time—down separations at which gravitational-wave (GW) emission is strong enough drive coalescence. Such...

Symplectic integration algorithms are well suited for long-term integrations of Hamiltonian systems, because they preserve the geometric structure flow. However, this desirable property is generally lost when adaptive time step control added to a symplectic integrator. We describe an step, integrator that can be used if sum kinetic and potential energy components required depends only on (e.g., test-particle in fixed potentials). In particular, we explicit, reversible, symplectic, leapfrog...

We present, for the first time, a clear $N$-body realization of {\it strong mass segregation} solution stellar distribution around massive black hole. compare our results with those obtained by solving orbit-averaged Fokker-Planck (FP) equation in energy space. The segregation is slightly stronger than FP solution, but both confirm robustness} regime when number fraction heavy stars (realistically) small total population. In view recent observations revealing dearth giant sub-parsec region...

One of the most interesting sources gravitational waves (GWs) for LISA is inspiral compact objects on to a massive black hole (MBH), commonly referred as an "extreme-mass ratio inspiral" (EMRI).The small object, typically stellar (bh), emits significant amounts GW along each orbit in detector bandwidth.The slowly, adiabatic these will allow us map spacetime around MBHs detail, well test our current conception gravitation strong regime.The event rate this kind source has been addressed many...

Galaxy centers are residing places for Super Massive Black Holes (SMBHs). mergers bring SMBHs close together to form gravitationally bound binary systems which, if able coalesce in less than a Hubble time, would be one of the most promising sources gravitational waves Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). In spherical galaxy models, SMBH binaries stall at separation approximately parsec, leading "final parsec problem" (FPP). On other hand, it has been shown that merger-induced...

This paper studies the formation and evolution of binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in rotating galactic nuclei, focusing on role stellar dynamics. We present first N-body simulations that follow SMBHs from kiloparsec separations all way to their final relativistic coalescence, can robustly be scaled real galaxies. The code includes post-Newtonian corrections equations motion up order 2.5; we show massive is only correctly reproduced if conservative terms are included. orbital...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role manufacturing flexibility in relationship between knowledge creation, technological turbulence and performance. In an increasingly competitive changing environment, firms need boost their management know-how adequately develop flexibility. Design/methodology/approach This analyzes survey data collected from 370 firms. Validity reliability analyses were conducted using SPSS Amos. research hypotheses tested covariance-based...

We present a clear N-body realization of the growth Bahcall-Wolf f ∝ E1/4 (ρ r-7/4) density cusp around massive object ("black hole") at center stellar system. Our algorithm incorporates novel implementation Mikkola-Aarseth chain regularization to handle close interactions between star and black hole particles. Forces outside were integrated on GRAPE-6A/8 special-purpose computer with particle numbers up N = 0.25 × 106. compare our results predictions isotropic Fokker-Planck equation verify...

Stars near the Galactic center reach a few percent of light speed during pericenter passage, which makes post-Newtonian effects potentially detectable. We formulate orbit equations in Hamiltonian form such that O(v2/c2) and O(v3/c3) Kerr metric appear as simple generalization Kepler problem. A related perturbative applies to photon paths. then derive symplectic integrator with adaptive time steps, for fast accurate numerical calculation effects. Using this integrator, we explore relativistic...

Purpose Shifting demand and ever-shorter production cycles pressure manufacturing flexibility. Although the literature has established positive effect of firm's absorptive capacity on flexibility, separate role innovation competencies exploitation exploration in such a relationship is still under-investigated. In this study, authors examine how these affect Design/methodology/approach The use survey data from 370 firms analyze them using covariance-based structural equation modeling...

This paper examines the dynamic interrelationship between different measures of entrepreneurship ? business-ownership rates and entry unemployment for Portugal over period 1983?2000. On one hand, may stimulate start-up activity self-employment. other higher rates, or self-employment, facilitate industrial restructuring renewal, decreasing in subsequent periods. The overlap these two effects results ambiguity about entrepreneurial activity. uses a two-equation Vector Autoregression (VAR)...

A hierarchy of models, ranging from high to lower levels abstraction, is proposed construct “minimal” but predictive and explanatory models biological systems. Three hierarchical will be considered: Boolean networks, piecewise affine differential (PWA) equations, a class continuous, ordinary, equations' derived the PWA model. This provides different approximation system and, crucially, allows use theoretical tools more exactly analyze understand mechanisms system. The Kai ABC oscillator,...

Purpose Dynamic capabilities yield positive effects to firm-specific advantage formation. Paradoxically, the body of literature on capability diffusion is scarce. The purpose this study focus, thus, dearth with an emphasis exploring transferability function. Design/methodology/approach An integrative review dynamic view covers organizational context determining sharing, supported by strategic communication and business networking theories for fashioning global capabilities’ administration...

We present preliminary results from self-consistent, high resolution direct {\it N}-body simulations of massive black hole binaries in mergers galactic nuclei. The dynamics the binary includes full Post-Newtonian corrections (up to 2.5PN) its equations motion. show that holes starting at separations 100 pc can evolve down gravitational-wave-induced coalescence less than a Hubble time. binaries, our models, often form with very eccentricity and, as result, reach 50 Schwarzschild radius...

We examine the regional effects of new business formation on subsequent employment growth, observing in particular different kinds start-ups change, and lag structure these effects. differentiate firms according to three criteria: 1) size; 2) presence foreign capital; 3) incorporation knowledge/technology. In all cases, results suggest that firm change are significantly type start-up. Start-ups larger, foreign-owned, knowledge-based have considerably stronger industrial re-structuring...

Abstract We present some preliminary results from recent numerical simulations that model the evolution of super‐massive black hole (SMBH) binaries in galactic nuclei. Including post‐Newtonian terms for binary system and adopting appropriate models galaxies allows us, the.rst time, to follow SMBH kpc scales down coalescence phase. use our make predictions detectability such events with gravitational wave detector LISA. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Purpose This paper aims to explore the characteristics of capability exchange within internationalizing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) Portuguese metallurgic metal-mechanic sectors. Design/methodology/approach Multiple case research instrumentalizes a (manifest) content analysis based upon qualitative data gathered from interviewing strategic apex four multinational enterprises, codified in light well-known Weber protocol. Findings The results uncover existence multi-diffusional...

The aim of this study is to test the multidimensional construct Entrepreneurial University (EU), and therefore confirm whether EU factors make a positive contribution regional competitiveness. Data were collected from ten Portuguese Public Universities (PPUs) through self-administered questionnaire. First- second-order confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) performed multiple linear regression analyses. main findings show that related factors—perceived combined with actual metrics—especially...

This paper aims to understand if innovative and non-innovative manufacturing small medium size enterprises (SME) reveal similar or different goals strategies. research uses an AMOS SPSS multigroup analysis with data from the community innovation survey (CIS) 2012 test strategies' similarities. An independent samples t-test is performed all variables that do not load in theoretical model. Results suggest similarities (all value that, eventually, can translate financial gains). With regard...