Few epidemiological studies have focused on the psychological health of high level athletes. This study aimed to identify principal problems encountered within French athletes, and variations in their prevalence based sex sport practiced.Multivariate analyses were conducted nationwide data obtained from athletes' yearly evaluations.A representative sample 13% athlete population was obtained. 17% athletes at least one ongoing or recent disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) being most...

We analyzed HR variability (HRV) to detect alterations in autonomic function that may be associated with functional overreaching (F-OR) endurance athletes.Twenty-one trained male triathletes were randomly assigned either intensified training (n = 13) or normal 8) groups during 5 wk. HRV measures taken daily a 1-wk moderate (baseline), 3-wk overload training, and taper.All the subjects of group demonstrated decrease maximal incremental running test performance at end period (-9.0% ± 2.1%...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects a single whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) and partial-body (PBC) (i.e., not exposing head cold) on indices parasympathetic activity blood catecholamines. Two groups 15 participants were assigned either 3-min WBC or PBC session, while 10 constituted control group (CON) receiving any cryostimulation. Changes in thermal, physiological subjective variables recorded before during 20-min after each According qualitative statistical analysis, an...

Elite athletes frequently undergo periods of intensified training (IT) within their normal program. These can lead into functional overreaching, characterized by high perceived fatigue, impaired sleep, and performance. Because whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) has been proven to be an effective recovery method in the short term (<76 h), we investigated whether daily WBC sessions during IT could prevent exercise sleep-related signs overreaching.After a week (BASE), 10 elite synchronized...

Functional overreaching (F-OR) induced by heavy load endurance training programs has been associated with reduced heart rate values both at rest and during exercise. Because this phenomenon may reflect an impairment of cardiac response, research was conducted to test hypothesis. Thirty-five experienced male triathletes were tested (11 control 24 overload subjects) before overloading (Pre), immediately after (Mid), a 2-wk taper period (Post). Physiological responses assessed incremental...

In a context of morphological expansion the general population, how do athletes follow such pattern anthropometric growth? Is there any relation to performance? Biometric data including mass, height, body mass index (BMI) and age were collected for 50,376 American representing 249,336 annual performers playing in professional baseball, football, ice hockey basketball. Distributions by National Football League (NFL) players are described periods. Field goals have been studied players' height...

This study investigated the effect of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC), contrast-water therapy (CWT), active recovery (ACT), and passive condition (PAS) protocols on parasympathetic reactivation metabolic parameters in elite synchronized swimmers who performed 2 simulated competition ballets (B1 B2) separated by 70 min. After determining maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O(2max400)) blood lactate concentrations ([La(-)](b400)) during a 400-m swim trial, 11 1 protocol per week randomized order....

Elite synchronized swimmers follow high-volume training regimen that result in elevated rates of exercise energy expenditure (ExEE). While adequate intake (EI) is important to optimize recovery, a number sport-specific constraints may lead chronically low availability (EA = EI-ExEE). This study aimed quantify changes EA, endocrine markers conservation, and perceived fatigue swimmers, during week baseline followed by 4 weeks intensified (IT). EI, ExEE, body composition were measured nine at...

Low energy availability (EA) suppresses many physiological processes, including ovarian function in female athletes. EA could also predispose athletes to develop a state of overreaching. This study compared the changes ad libitum intake (EI), exercise expenditure (ExEE), and among runners completing training overload (TO) phase. We tested hypothesis that becoming overreached would show decreased EA, suppressed plasma leptin, with well-adapted (WA) runners. After 1 menstrual cycle (baseline),...

We examined the catecholamine response to exercise in five eumenorrheic (EU) and amenorrheic (AM) athletes, matched by age (mean ± SEM: EU = 29.8 2.5 yr AM 31.0 4.3 yr) running volume (EU 56.4 8.1 km·wk(-1) 61.5 6.4 km·wk(-1)).Subjects performed a maximal treadmill test followed 30-min recovery then submaximal test, consisting of 4-min stages at 60%, 70%, 80% 15 min 85% peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)). Blood was drawn after each stage measure glucose, lactate, epinephrine,...

The victory percentages for tennis players who entered the top 10 women and men rankings show various evolutions related to age time since 1968.The study analyzed careers of all players: 97 (50,933 matches) 144 (92,450 matches). For each player, we describe a biphasic performance course. Two generations were compared: first one (G1), including started their professional career before 1985, second (G2), with starting after 1985.The average length is 16.1 ± 3.8 yr 15.8 4.4 women. Compared G1...

Recent research on whole-body cryotherapy has hypothesized a major responsibility of head cooling in the physiological changes classically reported after cryostimulation session. The aim this experiment was to verify hypothesis by studying influence exposing cold during sessions, thermal response and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Over five consecutive days, two groups 10 participants performed one session daily, different systems; (whole-body cryostimulation, WBC), other except...

The impact of maternity (Mat) on subsequent athletic performance is not well known. This study aims to investigate the among elite marathoners their overall progression. For each runner listed in top 150 female marathoners, who had experienced a mid-career maternity, development was reconstituted throughout career. Maternity data and career break time span (Ttotal) were collected from publicly available informations. Performances modelled according known age-performance relationship added...

We focus here on the impact of material science in swimming by measuring three successive generations swimsuits human performance and estimate upcoming drop consecutive to decision FINA suspend their use. investigate recent evolutions best performers over 1990 — 2009 period demonstrate that bursts performances occurred 2000, 2008 2009. The overall observed gains these exceed 2.0% for both sexes. may result from this rule change return similar levels as seen 1999.

Exercise and vitamin C-enriched collagen supplementation increase synthesis, potentially increasing matrix density, stiffness, force transfer.To determine whether (hydrolyzed [HC] + C) improves rate of development (RFD) alongside a strength training program.Using double-blinded parallel design, over 3 weeks, healthy male athletes (n = 50, 18-25 years) were randomly assigned to the intervention (HC C; 20 g HC 50 mg or placebo (20 maltodextrin). Supplements ingested daily 60 min prior...

Abstract Running speed in animals depends on both genetic and environmental conditions. Maximal speeds were here analysed horses, dogs humans using data sets the 10 best performers covering more than a century of races. This includes variety distances (200–1500 m). Speed has been progressing fast three species, this followed by plateau. Based Gompertz model, current performances reach 97.4% maximal velocity greyhounds to 100.3 humans. Further analysis based subset individuals an ‘animal...

GLO I phenotypes were determined in 1,075 unrelated West German individuals by starch gel electrophoresis. Gene frequencies 0.4512 for GLO1 and 0.5488 GLO2. Association studies between Bf 985 of which known from previous reports gave no significant evidence close association the two systems.

PURPOSE: Functional overreaching (F-OR) is a state of high perceived fatigue and decreased performance, resulting from training loads combined with inadequate recovery. While F-OR athletes show some performance gains after taper period, the magnitude these may be reduced compared to who avoid during intensified training. As no studies have quantified influence changes in energy availability (EA) intense on adaptations, we tested hypothesis that athletes’ ability maintain EA would occurrence...

PURPOSE: We examined the hypothesis that failing to maintain energy availability (EA, calculated as intake (EI) - exercise expenditure (ExEE)) during intensified training (IT) would predispose athletes a state of overreaching (OR; high perceived fatigue and prolonged performance impairment). METHODS: After 4 weeks baseline training, 16 female runners (28 ± 5 yrs) performed IT (130% volume), followed by 2 week recovery, (REC, 50% baseline). Over last 7 days each phase, ExEE was measured with...

Women have a ~4-fold greater risk of anterior cross ligament (ACL) rupture compared to men. ACL injury is associated with estrogen levels. Estrogen increases knee laxity, in part by blocking lysyl oxidase activity, thus decreasing collagen crosslinking and stiffness. Methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) supplementation suggested counter this effect. PURPOSE: To determine whether MSM alters laxity over the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Healthy women (ages 18-30) were followed 5-month period. Knee...