A5034446361- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Remote-Sensing Image Classification
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Advanced Image Fusion Techniques
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Oil, Gas, and Environmental Issues
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Climate variability and models
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Radiative Heat Transfer Studies
- Infrared Target Detection Methodologies
- Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Marine and coastal plant biology
United States Naval Research Laboratory
2013-2024
Naval Research Laboratory Remote Sensing Division
1998-2023
K Lab (United States)
1997-2023
University of Connecticut
2013
Goddard Space Flight Center
1993-2009
Texas A&M University
2009
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
1993-2005
University of Colorado Boulder
1991-2005
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
1993-2005
Earth and Space Research
1994-2005
A new technique for remote sensing of aerosol over the land and atmospheric correction Earth imagery is developed. It based on detection dark surface targets in blue red channels, as previous methods, but uses 2.1 /spl mu/m channel, instead 3.75 their detection. 2.1-/spl channel present ADEOS OCTS GLI planned EOS-MODIS EOSP, a similar 2.2-/spl Landsat TM. The advantage 3.75-/spl that it not affected by emitted radiation. transparent to most types (except dust) therefore can be used detect...
At present, two Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the NASA Terra and Aqua Spacecraft platforms are operational for global remote sensing of land, ocean, atmosphere. In this paper, we describe an algorithm water vapor derivations using several MODIS near‐IR channels. The made over areas that have reflective surfaces in near‐IR, such as clear land areas, clouds, oceanic with Sun glint. relies observations attenuation solar radiation reflected by clouds....
High spatial resolution column atmospheric water vapor amounts were derived from spectral data collected by the airborne visible‐infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS), which covers region 0.4 to 2.5 μm in 10‐nm bands and has a ground instantaneous field of view 20×20 m an altitude 20 km. The quantitative derivation is made curve fitting observed spectra with calculated 1.14‐μm 0.94‐μm band absorption regions using model, narrowband nonlinear least squares technique. makes use facts that (1)...
The LOWTRAN-7 code was used to simulate remote sensing of water vapor over 20 different surface covers. simulation optimize the channel selection and test accuracy method. minimizes uncertainty in derived due variations spectral dependence reflectance. also sensitivity selected channels possible drift position. use additional MODIS reduces errors effect haze, subpixel clouds uncertainties temperature profile. Remote variation from day will be more accurate, because reflectances vary slowly...
Thin cirrus clouds are difficult to detect, particularly over land, in images taken from current satellite platforms. Using spectral acquired by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) at 20 km altitude, we show that wavelengths close center of strong 1.38 µm water vapor band useful for detecting thin clouds. The detection makes use fact located above almost all atmospheric vapor. Because absorption lower atmosphere, AVIRIS channels near receive little scattered solar...
The volume mixing ratios of five minor gases (CH 4 , N 2 O, CO, H and O 3 ) have been retrieved through the middle atmosphere from analysis 0.01 cm −1 resolution infrared solar occultation spectra recorded near 28°N 48°S latitudes with Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy instrument, flown on board Spacelab (April 30 May 6, 1985). results, which constitute first simultaneous observations continuous profiles for these gases, are in general agreement reported measurements ground‐, balloon‐,...
A physically based six-channel land algorithm is developed to simultaneously retrieve global soil moisture (SM), vegetation water content (VWC), and surface temperature. The on maximum-likelihood estimation uses dual-polarization WindSat passive microwave data at 10, 18.7, 37 GHz. retrievals are validated multispatial multitemporal scales against SM climatologies, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ</i> network data,...
As a demonstrator for technologies the next generation of ocean color sensors, Hyperspectral Imager Coastal Ocean (HICO) provides enhanced spatial and spectral resolution that is required to understand optically complex aquatic environments. In this study we apply HICO, along with satellite remote sensing in situ observations, studies phytoplankton ecology dynamic coastal upwelling environment—Monterey Bay, CA, USA. From spring 2011 study, examine HICO-detected patterns optical properties an...
The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is equal to (NIR- RED)/(NIR+RED), has been widely used for remote sensing of many years. One weakness this that the reflectance RED channel no sensitivity changes in lead area when leaf 1 or greater due strong chlorophyll absorption near 0.67 micron. In paper, another index, namely water (NDWI), proposed liquid from space. NDWI [R(0.86 micrometers ) - R(1.24 )]/[R(0.86 + )], where R represents apparent reflectance. At 0.86 and 1.24 ,...
We have examined the Maxwell-Garnett, inverted and Bruggeman rules for evaluation of mean permittivity involving partially empty cells at particle surface in conjunction with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computation. Sensitivity studies show that Maxwell-Garnett rule is most effective reducing staircasing effect. The discontinuity interface free space medium can be minimized by use an cell edges determined average values associated adjacent cells. efficiency FDTD computational...
The Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment, launched April 30, 1985, on Spacelab 3, measured vertical profiles at 30°N and 48°S of a host reservoir gases, source other trace molecules important in the odd nitrogen, chlorine, hydrogen chemical families middle atmosphere. measurements included simultaneous observations all main elements NO y family (i.e., NO, 2 , HNO 3 N O 5 4 ClONO ), thereby giving direct measurement total nitrogen mixing ratio for first time. Some these...
Ocean color sensors were designed mainly for remote sensing of chlorophyll concentrations over the clear open oceanic areas (Case 1 water) using channels between 0.4-0.86 /spl mu/m. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) launched on National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terra Aqua spacecrafts is equipped with narrow located within a wider wavelength range 0.4-2.5 mu/m variety applications. wide spectral can provide improved capabilities more complex turbid coastal...
Abstract Using spectral imaging data acquired with the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) from an ER-2 aircraft at 20-km altitude during NASA FIRE Phase II Cirrus field program, it was found that narrow channels near center of strong 1.38-µm water vapor band are very effective in detecting thin cirrus clouds. The mechanisms for detection straightforward. In absence clouds, AVIRIS 1.38 µm receive little scattered solar radiance by surface and low-level clouds because...
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MODIS) on the Terra spacecraft has a channel near 1.38 /spl mu/m for remote sensing of high clouds from space. implementation this MODIS was primarily based previous analysis hyperspectral imaging data collected with Airborne Visible Infrared Spectrometer (AVIRIS). We describe an algorithm to retrieve cirrus bidirectional reflectance using channels 0.66 and mu/m. It is shown that apparent 1.38-/spl essentially attenuated by absorption water...
The design, characteristics, and first test flight results are described of the Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer, an airborne sensor specifically designed to address challenges coastal ocean remote sensing. incorporates several technologies that demonstrated for time, best our knowledge, in a working system order achieve high performance level terms uniformity, signal-to-noise ratio, low polarization sensitivity, stray light, spatial resolution. instrument covers 350-1050 nm spectral...
Abstract To understand the radiative impact of tropical thin cirrus clouds, frequency occurrence and optical depths these clouds have been derived. “Thin” are defined here as being those that not detected by operational Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud mask, corresponding to an depth value approximately 0.3 or smaller, but detectable in terms reflectance product based on MODIS 1.375-μm channel. With such a definition, were present more than 40% pixels flagged...
Mesodinium rubrum is a globally distributed nontoxic ciliate that known to produce intense red-colored blooms using enslaved chloroplasts from its algal prey. Although frequent enough have been observed by Darwin, of M. are notoriously difficult quantify because can aggregate into massive clouds rusty-red water in very short time due high growth rates and rapid swimming behavior disaggregate just as quickly vertical or horizontal dispersion. A September 2012 hyperspectral image the...