The present study investigated how different training frequencies during menstrual phases affect muscle hypertrophy and strength. Fourteen eumenorrheic women performed 3 sets of arm curls (8-15 repetitions) until failure for 12 weeks. Depending on the cycle phase, each subject trained separately after either a 3- or 1-d·wk protocol follicular phase (FP-T) luteal (LP-T). Cross-sectional area (CSA), 1 repetition maximum, maximum voluntary contraction significantly increased 6.2 ± 4.4, 36.4...

Acute land-based high-intensity exercise has been shown to alter food reward. However, it remains unclear regarding the acute effect of different intensities on Therefore, we examined response reward high- and low-intensity treadmill in healthy young men. Twelve men (aged 22.8 ± 2.0 years, mean standard deviation) completed three, half-day laboratory-based trials (i.e., exercise, control), a random order. In trials, participants ran for 60 min (from 09:30 10:30) at speed eliciting 70 %...

Acute moderate- to high-intensity exercise, primarily aerobic has been reported decrease food reward in brain regions via the hedonic pathways and reduce preference for high-energy or high-fat foods. However, studies examining responses acute exercise have limited measuring only after less frequently before exercise. Therefore, changes response remain unclear. This study investigated effect of running on healthy young men. Fourteen men (mean ± standard deviation, age; 23 2 years, body mass...

Although ample evidence supports the notion that an acute bout of endurance exercise performed at or greater than 70% maximum oxygen uptake suppresses appetite partly through changes in appetite-regulating hormones, no study has directly compared influence between phases menstrual cycle women. This effects on orexigenic hormone (acylated ghrelin) and anorexigenic hormones (peptide YY cholecystokinin) early follicular phase (FP) mid luteal (LP) physically active Ten healthy women (age, 20.6 ±...

The present study investigated the effects of menstrual cycle on muscle glycogen and circulating substrates during high-intensity intermittent exercise until exhaustion in healthy women who habitually exercised. In total, 11 with regular cycles completed three tests, which comprised early follicular phase (E-FP), late (L-FP), luteal (LP) cycle. High-intensity was performed each test day. Evaluation concentration by 13 C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement estradiol, progesterone,...

Abstract Although thorough chewing lowers postprandial glucose concentrations, research on the effectiveness of vegetables in different forms metabolism remains limited. This study examined effects consumed solid versus puree metabolism. Nineteen healthy young men completed two 180-min trials separate days a random order: trial involved consumption shredded cabbage with and non-chewing pureed without chewing. Energy jelly was immediately after or cabbage. Blood samples were collected at 0,...

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a liver-derived enzyme that hydrolyzes acylated ghrelin to des-acylated ghrelin, may trigger potential mechanism responsible for the acute exercise-induced suppression of ghrelin. However, studies examining effects an bout high-intensity exercise on BChE and have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed examine intensity BChE, concentrations in humans.Fifteen young men (aged 22.7 ± 1.8 years, mean standard deviation) completed three, half-day...

In women, fat oxidation during exercise changes with the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to investigate effect of green tea extract (GTE) ingestion on depending cycle phase. Ten women regular cycles participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover study. GTE or placebo was administered cycle’s follicular phase (FP) and luteal (LP). Participants cycled for 30 min at 50% maximal workload, a respiratory gas analysis performed. Serum estradiol, progesterone, free fatty acid, plasma...

Ample evidence supports the notion that an acute bout of aerobic exercise and meal consumption reduces acylated ghrelin concentration. However, mechanisms by which this exercise- meal-induced suppression occurs in humans is unknown. This study aimed to examine concentration butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), enzyme responsible for hydrolysing other appetite-related hormones response a single running standardised young, healthy men. Thirty-three men (aged 23 ± 2 years, mean standard deviation)...

Abstract Female athletes who endure intense training are at risk of developing the 'female athlete triad,' making energy intake management crucial. However, fluctuations in estradiol and progesterone levels throughout menstrual cycle present a challenge maintaining consistent intake. This study aimed to uncover underlying factors associated with appetite regulation linked phases exercise using proteomic approach. Five female engaged 60 min bicycle exercise, followed by 90 rest, during both...

This study aimed to investigate the effect of menstrual cycle on serum carnitine and endurance performance healthy women. Fifteen eumenorrheic women underwent ergometer exercise at 60% maximal oxygen uptake (V̇ O2max) for 45 min, followed by an intensity that was increased 80% V̇ O 2max until exhaustion, during two phases, including early follicular phase (FP) midluteal (LP). The blood levels estradiol, progesterone, total carnitine, free acylcarnitine were assessed. Compared with FP, LP had...

Normal-weight obesity is defined as having high body fat but a normal mass index (BMI). This study examined whether there are differences in habitual physical activity and diet between individuals with normal-weight obese or non-obesity. included 143 males aged 65–75 years, they were classified into the following three groups according to BMI visceral area (VFA): group (n = 27 (BMI: ≥25 kg/m2 VFA: ≥100 cm2)), 35 <25 cm2)) non-obese 81 VFA < 100 cm2)). Lowered high-density lipoprotein...

Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for weight loss has become prevalent in recent years, with increased excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) as the mechanism. However, influence of menstrual cycle on EPOC and fat oxidation following low-volume HIIT is unclear. This study aimed to investigate effect increase after HIIT.Twelve eumenorrheic women participated during their early follicular luteal phases. On each experimental day, they performed comprising fifteen...

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in transgender men (TM) results side effects such as elevated triglycerides and increased arterial stiffness. Exercise may be useful to ameliorate effects, but no studies have examined the of acute aerobic exercise TM. This study aimed investigate on stiffness Thirty-six participants were included, comprising 12 TM (duration TRT: 57.4 ± 30.3 months), males females. All performed a treadmill at 50% heart rate reserve for 30 min. Arterial measured by...

Abstract Few studies have examined the influence of pre-exercise meals with different glycaemic indices (GIs) on substrate oxidation and non-homeostatic appetite (i.e. food reward) in adults various ages ethnicities. We aimed to examine effects high low GI reward middle-aged Japanese women. This randomised crossover trial included fifteen women (aged 40⋅9 ± 6⋅5 years, mean sd ). The participants consumed a or breakfast at 09.00 rested until 11.00. Thereafter, performed 60-min walk 50 % their...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects weight management on menstrual status in female athletes. A total 225 collegiate athletes and 27 para-athletes who belonged teams affiliated with Japanese Paralympic Committee were included cross-sectional survey. self-reported questionnaire (containing information demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle habits, management, menstruation status, physical symptoms related cycle, influence experienced during luteal phase...

Gum chewing while walking increases distance and energy expenditure in middle-aged male female individuals. This study aimed to examine the effects of gum on metabolism individuals various age groups.Fifty participants (25 25 individuals) aged 22-69 years completed two trials a random order. In trial, walked at natural pace for 15 min pellets (1.5 g, 3 kcal per pellet) following 50-min rest period. tablet rested 50 before walking, then after ingesting containing same ingredients with...

PURPOSE: Many transgender men are treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, known side effects include decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. Moreover, there is an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which may be reduced by aerobic exercise. In this study, we analyzed the acute exercise on lipid profiles in men. Further, compared women based resting profiles. METHODS: Thirty participants, including 10...

Blood concentration levels of ovarian hormones, such as estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) change during the menstrual cycle (MC). The these hormones are lower follicular phase (FP) higher luteal (LP) in eumenorrheic women. Menstrual pain premenstrual syndrome have been identified common symptoms associated with MC phases. PURPOSE: purpose this study was to examine effects on changes stress biomarkers performance tests female athletes. METHODS: Eighteen college volleyball players (age, 18-22...

Sport-confidence which is defined as the belief in capacity to achieve success sport, has been found predict athletes’ performance (e.g., Otten, 2009). Female athletes often report changes stress level during menstrual phases, but effect of such on sport-confidence not investigated. PURPOSE: The purpose study was examine effects a cycle (i.e., menstruation, follicular phase, and luteal phase) relationships between among college female athletes. METHODS: Twenty-four (mean age =19.58)...

The levels of ovarian hormones are lower during the follicular phase (FP) and higher luteal (LP) in eumenorrheic women. We previously reported that there were differences glycogenic amino acid citric exercise according to menstrual phases, which indicate changes energy utilization occur cycle premenopausal PURPOSE: purpose this study was compare between FP LP exercise. METHODS: subjects eight women (age, 21.6 ± 1.1 years) with regular cycle. Subjects performed 30 min cycling at an intensity...