A5025628707- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Plant and animal studies
- Marine Toxins and Detection Methods
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Animal and Plant Science Education
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
University of Nevada, Reno
2024
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
2024
National Institutes of Health
2024
Utah State University
2014-2024
University of Copenhagen
2024
University of Virginia
2015-2024
University of North Carolina at Pembroke
2011-2024
McCormick (United States)
2014-2021
Indiana University Bloomington
1998-2019
Florida State University
2018-2019
Interacting phenotypes are traits whose expression is affected by interactions with conspecifics. Commonly-studied interacting include aggression, courtship, and communication. More extreme examples of phenotypes-traits that exist exclusively as a product interactions-include social dominance, intraspecific competitive ability, mating systems. We adopt quantitative genetic approach to assess influences on phenotypes. partition environmental effects so in conspecifics influence the component...
Correlational selection favors combinations of traits and is a key element many models phenotypic genetic evolution. Multiple regression techniques for measuring allow the direct estimation correlational gradients, yet few studies in natural populations have investigated this process. Color patterns antipredator behaviors snakes are thought to function interactively predator escape therefore may be subject selection. To investigate hypothesis, I studied survivorship juvenile garter snakes,...
Interactions among conspecifics influence social evolution through two distinct but intimately related paths. First, they provide the opportunity for indirect genetic effects (IGEs), where genes expressed in one individual expression of traits others. Second, interactions can generate selection when fitness Here, we present a quantitative model multivariate trait that integrates both IGEs and selection, which have previously been modeled independently. We show affects evolutionary change...
Social interactions often affect the fitness of interactants. Because this, social selection has been described as a process distinct from other forms natural selection. predicted to result in different evolutionary dynamics for interacting phenotypes, including rapid or extreme evolution and altruism. Despite critical role that plays theories evolution, few studies have measured force conditions under which this changes. Here we present model acting on phenotypes can be evaluated...
The "geographic mosaic" approach to understanding coevolution is predicated on the existence of variable selection across landscape an interaction between species. A range ecological factors, from differences in resource availability community composition, can generate such a mosaic among populations, and thereby strength coevolution. result mixture hotspots, where reciprocal strong, coldspots, weak or absent, throughout ranges Population subdivision further provides opportunity for...
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Asymmetrical selection on predators and prey may be reduced when are dangerous
Empirical studies of mimicry have rarely been conducted under natural conditions. Field investigations some lepidopteran systems provided a bridge between experiments examining artificial situations and the process in nature, but these do not include all types mimicry. The presence dangerous or deadly models is thought to alter usual rules for complexes. In particular, model expected protect wide variety mimics. Avoidance different mimics should vary according how closely they resemble...
Parents often have important influences on their offspring's traits and/or fitness (i.e., maternal or paternal effects). When offspring is determined by the joint of and parental traits, selection may favor particular combinations that generate high fitness. We show this epistasis for between genotypes can result in evolution distribution, generating genetic correlations characters. This phenomenon be viewed as a coadaptive process which evolve to function with parentally provided...
Coevolution is evolution in one species response to selection imposed by a second species, followed the reciprocal first species. Although prerequisite of coevolution, it has seldom been documented natural populations. We examined feasibility simple host-parasite system consisting feral pigeons (Columba livia) and their Ischnoceran feather lice (Phthiraptera: Insecta). tested for selective effect parasites on hosts with experimentally altered defenses host defense component parasite escape....
The use of the "arms race" analogy as a conceptualization evolutionary predator-prey interactions has been criticized because lack evidence that predators can and do adapt to increased antipredator ability prey. We present garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis evolved resistance tetrodotoxin (TTX) in response toxicity newt Taricha granulosa on which feeds. A bioassay (locomotor performance before after injection TTX) was used obtain repeated measures for individual snakes. studied interpopulation...
Terrestrial salamanders have a great variety of adaptations which protect them against some predators. These antipredator interact in synergistic manner increasing the protection afforded salamander. Convergence between genera and families is common cautions indiscriminate use these to suggest evolutionary relationships. The presence skin secretions irritate or repel predators probably most important adaptation terrestrial salamanders; other are dependent upon secretions. wide behaviors...
Natural selection often produces convergent changes in unrelated lineages, but the degree to which such adaptations occur via predictable genetic paths is unknown. If only a limited subset of possible mutations fixed independent then it clear that constraint production or function molecular variants an important determinant adaptation. We demonstrate remarkably constrained convergence during evolution resistance lethal poison, tetrodotoxin, six snake species representing three distinct...
New theoretical and conceptual frameworks are required for evolutionary biology to capitalize on the wealth of data now becoming available from study genomes, phenotypes, organisms - including humans in their natural environments.
Indirect genetic effects (IGEs), which occur when phenotypic expression in one individual is influenced by genes another conspecific individual, may have a drastic effect on evolutionary response to selection. General models of IGEs been developed using two distinct theoretical frameworks derived from maternal theory. The first framework trait-based and focuses how phenotypes are specific traits social partner, with the strength interactions defined matrix Psi. second partitions total...
Thirty species of potential predators on Taricha granulosa were tested by injection or force-feeding to determine their susceptibility adult T. skin toxin. All found be susceptible The action toxin is identical that described for tetrodotoxin from the eggs torosa and puffer fish. Mammals birds are similar relative amounts toxin; 0.0002 cc back killed white mice in 10 min. Snakes other than garter snakes about 200 times more resistant, 2000 resistant mice. was self-susceptible large doses....
Where do the genetic variants underlying adaptive change come from? Are currently alleles recruited by selection from standing variation within populations, moved through introgression other or they arise as novel mutations? Here, we examine molecular basis of repeated adaptation to toxin deadly prey in 3 species garter snakes (Thamnophis) determine whether has evolved mutations, sieving existing variation, transmission beneficial across species. Functional amino acid substitutions skeletal...