The advances in localization based technologies and the increasing importance of ubiquitous computing context-dependent information have led to a growing business interest location-based applications services. Today, most application requirements are locating or real-time tracking physical belongings inside buildings accurately; thus, demand for indoor services has become key prerequisite some markets. Moreover, address inadequacy global positioning system closed environment, like buildings....

This paper aims to determine the distance between mobile sensor node (i.e., bicycle) and anchor coach) in outdoor indoor environments. Two approaches were considered estimate such a distance. The first approach was based on traditional channel propagation model that used log-normal shadowing (LNSM), while second proposed hybrid particle swarm optimization-artificial neural network (PSO-ANN) algorithm improve estimation accuracy of node. method estimated according LNSM measured received...

Ensuring a seamless connection during the mobility of various User Equipments (UEs) will be one major challenges facing practical implementation Fifth Generation (5G) networks and beyond. Several key determinants significantly contribute to numerous challenges. One most important is use millimeter waves (mm-waves) as it characterized by high path loss. The inclusion types small coverage Base Stations (BSs), such Picocell, Femtocell drone-based BSs another challenge. Other issues include Dual...

Drones can be used in agriculture applications to monitor crop yield and climate conditions extend the communication range of wireless sensor networks monitoring areas. However, faces challenges limitations, such as drone flight time, power consumption, distance, which are addressed this study. Wireless transfer (WPT) charge batteries. WPT using a magnetic resonant coupling (MRC) technique was considered study because it allows high efficiency with tens centimeters, transfers achieved...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received significant attention in the last few years agriculture field. Among major challenges for nodes' deployment is path loss presence of dense grass or height trees. This results degradation communication link quality due to absorption, scattering, and attenuation through crop's foliage In this study, two new path-loss models were formulated based on MATLAB curve-fitting tool ZigBee WSN a farm The between router node (mounted drone) coordinator was...

Currently, smart farming is considered an effective solution to enhance the productivity of farms; thereby, it has recently received broad interest from service providers offer a wide range applications, pest identification asset monitoring. Although emergence digital technologies, such as Internet Things (IoT) and low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs), led significant advances in industry, operations still need more efficient solutions. On other hand, utilization unmanned aerial vehicles...

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly expanded for a wide range applications towards smart future world by connecting everything. As result, new challenges emerge in meeting the requirements IoT while retaining optimal performance. These may include power consumption, quality service, localization, security, and accurate modeling characterization wireless channel propagation. Among these challenges, latter is critical to establishing point-to-point communication between sensors. Channel...

Widespread usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in new and emerging applications needs dynamic adaptive networking. The development routing protocols for UAV ad hoc networks faces numerous issues because the unique characteristics UAVs, such as rapid mobility, frequent changes network topology, limited energy consumption. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol seems to be a promising solution it offers improved delay performance. It is expected that OLSR will satisfy strict demands...

Energy efficiency in cellular networks has received significant attention from both academia and industry because of the importance reducing operational expenditures maintaining profitability networks, addition to making these “greener.” Because base station is primary energy consumer network, efforts have been made study consumption find ways improve efficiency. In this paper, we present a brief review techniques that used recently efficiency, such as energy-efficient power amplifier...

Cellular network operators are always seeking to increase the area of coverage their networks, open up new markets and provide services potential customers in remote rural areas. However, increased energy consumption, operator cost environmental impact greenhouse gas emissions exhaustion non-renewable resources (fossil fuel) pose major challenges cellular operators. The specific power supply needs for base stations (BSs) such as cost-effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability reliability can...

When localizing wireless sensor networks, estimating the distances of nodes according to known locations anchor remains a challenge. As may transfer from one place another, localization technique that can measure or determine location mobile node is necessary. In this paper, distance between bicycle when moves on cycling track and coordinator (i.e., coach), which positioned middle field was estimated for indoor outdoor velodromes. The determined based two methods. First, raw estimate done by...

Due to the limitations of sensor devices, including short transmission distance and constrained energy, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been recently deployed assist these nodes in transmitting their data. The (SNs) wireless networks (WSNs) or Internet Things (IoT) periodically transmit sensed data UAVs be relayed base station (BS). widely time-sensitive real-time applications, such as disaster areas, due ability destination within a very time. However, timely delivery information by...

Handover (HO) management is essential in mobile cellular networks. It ensures seamless connectivity to the User Equipment (UE) while moving from one Base Station (BS) another within coverage area. HO optimization refers adoption of intelligent and automatic techniques gaining more importance Fifth-Generation (5G) Beyond (B5G) systems because requirements specifications that B5G targets. The include global connectivity, ultra-low latency, big data analytics, extreme rate transmissions, a...

In this paper, we propose two soft computing localization techniques for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The techniques, Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Artificial Network (ANN), focus on a range-based method which relies the measurement of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from three ZigBee anchor nodes distributed throughout track cycling field. aim to estimate distance between bicycles moving cycle outdoor indoor velodromes. first approach ANFIS was considered, whereas...

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), saving power is vital requirement. this paper, simple point-to-point bike WSN was considered. The data of parameters, speed and cadence, were monitored transmitted via communication based on the ZigBee protocol. Since parameters are every wheel rotation, means node does not sleep for long time, causing consumption to rise. Therefore, newly proposed algorithm, known as Redundancy Converged Data (RCD) implemented application put into mode while maintaining...