Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) and crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are two of the most damaging nonnative ambrosia beetle pests in ornamental plant nurseries.Adult females tunnel into stems branches host plants to create galleries with brood chambers.Hosts infected symbiotic Ambrosiella spp.fungi that serve as food for larvae adults.Plants can also become secondary opportunistic pathogens, including Fusarium spp.Both X. have broad ranges, infestations...

The location of wild and cultivated host plants by pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii Cano) may be aided visual cues, the male-produced aggregation pheromone, herbivore-induced, or constitutive plant volatiles. attractiveness volatiles to pioneer weevils is important in understanding, perhaps controlling, dispersal this insect between hosts. Ten-day-old male 2- 10-day-old female were tested short-range Y-tube assays. attracted released whole three known oviposition hosts, 'Jalapeno' pepper,...

Pioneer herbivorous insects may find their host plants through a combination of visual and constitutive host-plant volatile cues, but once site has been colonized, feeding damage changes the quantity quality plant volatiles released, potentially altering behavior conspecifics who detect them. Previous work on pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), demonstrated that this insect can orient to released from [Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae)]. Here we investigated...

Ethanol acts as an attractant that aids Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) in locating living but weakened hosts. Electroantennogram (EAG) and field trapping experiments were conducted with conophthorin other selected semiochemicals function important olfactory cues for various ambrosia beetles to characterize their effect on the attraction of X. ethanol assess whether EAG responses provide indication behavioural activity. Thus, hypothesized enhance (i.e. conophthorin), reduce terpinolene,...

Abstract Non‐native ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), especially Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and germanus (Blandford), are destructive wood‐boring pests of trees in ornamental nurseries tree fruit orchards. Previous studies have demonstrated the adults repelled by verbenone strongly attracted to ethanol. We tested a “push–pull” semiochemical strategy Ohio, Virginia Mississippi using emitters “push” away from vulnerable ethanol lures “pull” them...

The majority of wood-boring ambrosia beetles are strongly attracted to ethanol, a behavior which could be exploited for management within ornamental nurseries. A series experiments was conducted determine if ethanol-based interception techniques reduce beetle pest pressure. In two experiments, trap trees injected with high dose ethanol were positioned either adjacent or 10-15 m from low (simulating mildly stressed tree) the high-dose draw attacks away immediately nursery trees....

Abstract Pepper weevils, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), feed and oviposit in flower buds small fruits of plants the genus Capsicum , as well several species Solanum (Solanaceae). Females chew a hole into fruit, deposit single egg within cavity, seal with clear anal secretion that hardens an ‘oviposition plug’. Female oviposition behavior was studied series small‐arena bioassays to determine whether previous Jalapeño pepper fruit deterred subsequent what specific cues...

Soilborne diseases are the most economically important problem for ornamental nursery producers in southeastern United States. The use of cover crops selected based on their biofumigant activity to improve soilborne disease management woody production was assessed. Replicated pot bioassays were established as greenhouse trials sterilized clay loam soil which had pre-existing populations Rhizoctonia solani or Phytophthora nicotianae. Selected Brassica seeded directly into and flowering...

Female mate preferences can shape sexual selection and evolution. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that affect mating decisions. Here, we examine context-dependent in leaf-footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata Stål (Hemiptera: Coreidae), a species experiences distinct seasonal changes spatial variation quality of their food, cactus. Previous work has shown with fruit superior resource for these insects, however they must sometimes develop, mate, reproduce without fruit. We reared...

Abstract Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) cultivate their fungal symbiont within host substrates as the sole source of nutrition on which larvae and adults must feed. To investigate a possible role for semiochemicals in this interaction, we characterized electrophysiological behavioral responses Xylosandrus germanus to volatiles associated with its Ambrosiella grosmanniae . During still-air walking bioassays, X. exhibited an arrestment response A. , but not antagonistic fungi...

Recent concerns regarding the impact of traditional synthetic pesticides on nontarget organisms have generated demand for alternative products with lower environmental impact. This has led to increasing focus plant essential oils as sources new biopesticides. In this study, we demonstrate that oil Alaskan yellow cedar, Cupressus nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach, activity against hybrid imported fire ant workers, Solenopsis invicta Buren × richteri Forel. digging assays, ants were repelled by...

During flooding events in nurseries, Phytophthora root rot caused by cinnamomi Rands often causes damage that leads to complete crop loss. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of fungicides, biofungicides, and host plant defense inducers for preventive curative control on flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) seedlings exposed a simulated flood event 1, 3, or 7 days. two greenhouse trials, (7 days before flooding) (1 day after drench treatments were applied artificially inoculated with...

Worker size and geographical distribution of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren), black richteri Forel), their hybrid (S. × S. richteri) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were evaluated from colonies sampled across Tennessee. The ant species status determined using cuticular hydrocarbon venom alkaloid indices obtained gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Hybrids the most common throughout With exception a few isolated samples, only hybrids found in east Tennessee, predominated middle...

Flooding can increase tree susceptibility to root rot pathogens as well attacks by ambrosia beetles attracted stress-induced ethanol emissions. The objective of this study was investigate the interaction a preventative fungicide treatment and infection with Phytophthora cinnamomi on beetle in flood stressed trees. A (Pageant® Intrinsic®) evaluated two trials using Eastern redbud tulip poplar trees treatments including or without pathogen no pathogen. Fungicide treated had fewer attacks,...

The southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, forms dense, multigenerational aggregations in St. Augustinegrass lawns leading to grass death from sap feeding. We conducted laboratory bioassays better understand the signals responsible for formation and maintenance of bug aggregations. In small arena assays, bugs demonstrated a stronger aggregation response over time aggregated more often on or beneath leaf blades than under artificial leaf-like shelters constructed white green paper....

Abstract BACKGROUND The flatheaded appletree borer ( Chrysobothris femorata Olivier) (FHAB) is a native pest of fruit, shade and nut trees throughout the United States. Use cover crops an effective management tool for some key insect pests in vegetable cereal production systems, but its impact woody ornamental systems has not been investigated. goal this study was to evaluate effectiveness winter crop FHAB nursery production. Red maple Acer rubrum L.) grown under four treatment regimes...

El uso de un diseño trampa apropiado puede aumentar significativamente la tasa captura las trampas para plagas insectos específicos. Chrysobothris son bupréstidas comunes en viveros producción. que imitan forma los árboles hospederos preferidos capturó mayor número otros diseños trampas. Con base estas pruebas, el mejor (forma y materiales) monitoreo fue pegamento transparente una plástico púrpura doblada prisma triangular con ancho paneles (3,8 cm) su altura (1 m) similares a tronco árbol...

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumara) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the spotted wing drosophila, is a global pest of soft fruits now rearable on standard D. melanogaster (Meigen) diet containing fly's own natural food: soft-skinned berries. The techniques tested here can save 40% cultures from microbial contamination that develops after combining artificial food sources (e.g., drosophila media) with unsterilized host plant material (berries). A suitable ratio for mixing dietary ingredients vial or...

Chrysobothris spp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and other closely related buprestids are common pests of fruit, shade, nut trees in the United States. Many spp., including femorata, polyphagous herbivores. Their wide host range leads to destruction numerous tree species nurseries orchards. Although problems caused by well known, there no reliable monitoring methods estimate local populations before substantial damage occurs. Other buprestid have been effectively estimated using colored sticky...

Abstract The flatheaded appletree borer, Chrysobothris femorata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), and related species are deciduous tree pests. Female beetles prefer to oviposit at bases, larvae tunnel beneath the bark, which weakens or kills young newly transplanted trees. In first objective of this study, Discus N/G (2.94% imidacloprid + 0.7% cyfluthrin) applied six lower-than-labeled rates (0.0, 0.98, 1.97, 3.94, 5.91, 7.87 ml/cm average trunk dia.) was evaluated for protection...

Diseases caused by soilborne pathogens are a major limitation to field grown nursery production. The application of cover crops for disease management has not been widely investigated in woody ornamental production system. objective this study was explore the impact winter usage on that Soils from established plots red maple (Acer rubrum L.) with and without (crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum or triticale (× Triticosecale W.)) were sampled following senescence crops. Separate bioassays...

Cover crops represent a potential tool for suppression of soil borne diseases in woody ornamental nursery production, which can cause significant economic losses. Field experiments were conducted 2019 and 2020 to explore the effects cover crop timing disturbance on soilborne disease suppression. Soils from red maple (Acer rubrum 'October Glory') plantations grown with or without [crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum)] sampled following senescence crop. Greenhouse bioassays using cuttings...