Ni-rich layered oxides, like NCM-811, are promising lithium-ion battery cathode materials for applications such as electric vehicles. However, pronounced capacity fading, especially at high voltages, still lead to a limited cycle life, whereby the underlying degradation mechanisms, e.g. whether they detrimental reactions in bulk or surface, controversially discussed. Here, we investigate fading of NCM-811/graphite full-cells over 1000 cycles by combination situ synchrotron X-ray powder...

Lithium-ion batteries operate predominantly at room temperature, but some applications such as electric vehicles also demand operation higher temperature. This is especially challenging for cathode active materials (CAMs), which undergo an accelerated failure elevated Here, we systematically compare the capacity fading of Ni-rich NCM-811 two different temperatures. The first dataset over 1000 cycles 22 °C stems from a former study, while NCM-811/graphite full-cells are investigated now under...

The oxonitridosilicate oxides Y4Ba2[Si9ON16]O:Eu2+ and Lu4Ba2[Si9ON16]O:Eu2+ have been synthesized starting from REF3, RE2O3 (RE = Y, Lu), BaH2, Si(NH)2, EuF3 in a radiofrequency furnace at 1550 °C. crystal structures were solved refined single-crystal X-ray data supported with Rietveld refinement on powder diffraction data. Both compounds are isotypic crystallize monoclinic space group P21/c (no. 14) Z 4 6.0756(2), b 27.0606(9), c 9.9471(3) Å, β 91.0008(8)° for RE Y 6.0290(3), 26.7385(12),...

Using isothermal micro-calorimetry, we investigate the heat generation of lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxides (LMR-NCMs) during first cycle in which LMR-NCM exhibits a pronounced voltage hysteresis leading to low energy efficiency (≈73%). In charge, shows unique plateau at ≈4.5 V where irreversible structural rearrangements lead an activation material as well large hysteresis. We found that only fraction lost electrical work (≈43%) is converted into waste heat. Thereby, flow profile...

All solid-state batteries are a promising alternative to conventional liquid-based lithium-ion batteries. To achieve cycling performance that is competitive with batteries, solid electrolytes needed highly conductive and can be produced low costs. Conventional syntheses using resistance furnace often time- energy-consuming. reduce the reaction time more efficient heating, reactions conducted inside microwave. Due excitation of molecular vibrations, this method allows for local...

Isothermal microcalorimetry is used to study the heat flow of lithium-ion cells provide insight into active material characteristics and data required for a thermal optimization on cell system level. Recent research has shown application this technique during high cycling rates, example fast charging. However, limitation isothermal low-pass characteristic measured flow, introduced by inertia setup calorimeter itself. To solve problem, we introduce an optimized holder design novel processing...

Changes in the partial molar entropy of lithium- and manganese-rich layered transition metal oxides (LMR-NCM) are investigated using a recently established electrochemical measuring protocol, which open-circuit voltage (OCV) cell is recorded during linear variation temperature. With this method, changes LMR-NCM half-cells were precisely determined, revealing path dependence charge discharge as function state charge, vanished OCV. This observation line with other hysteresis phenomena observed...

We investigate the heat release of Li- and Mn-rich NCM (LMR-NCM) NCA half-cells during cycling at different C-rates quantify individual contributions to overall flow using a combination isothermal micro-calorimetry electrochemical methods. The paper focuses in particular on open-circuit voltage (OCV) hysteresis LMR-NCM material, which results significant reduction energy round-trip efficiency (≈90% for LMR-NCM/Li cells vs ≈99% NCA/Li C/10) therefore an additional source that has be...

Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides are a promising next-generation cathode active material (CAM) for automotive applications. Beyond well-known challenges such as voltage fading oxygen release, their commercialization also depends on practical considerations including cost energy density. While the requirement these materials could be satisfied by eliminating cobalt, volumetric density might imply transition from most widely used porous structure to more densely packed structure. Here, we...

A hydrogen gas promoted approach to achieve copper underpotential deposition (UPD) on platinum surfaces was developed form a monolayer polycrystalline and carbon supported catalysts (Pt/C) in Cu 2+ -containing electrolyte, serving as alternative the commonly used electrochemical methods that require external potential control. Initially, amount of deposited presence dissolved determined via fast stripping voltammetry. Subsequently, by monitoring open circuit drop Pt disk Pt/C thin-film...

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are being widely used in various consumer electronics applications and battery electric vehicles. In current next-generation LIBs, particularly Ni-rich NCMs (e.g. Li 1+x [Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn ] 1-x O 2 ) considered as a promising class of cathode active materials (CAMs) due to their high specific capacities, power energy densities, good structural stability. [1] order meet cycle-life requirements maintain safe state operation, LIBs only cycled within potential range,...

Ni-rich layered oxides, like NCM-811 (Li 1+δ [Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn ] 1-δ O 2 ), are promising cathode active materials for lithium-ion-batteries used in applications such as portable devices and battery electric vehicles. An increased Ni-content typically allows a higher reversible lithium usage at given cell potential, thereby improving the specific capacity. However, pronounced capacity fading, especially high voltages elevated temperatures, still leads to limited cycle life. 1 The underlying...

Layered lithium transition metal oxides, typically containing nickel, cobalt and manganese (NCM, Li 1+δ [Ni x Co y Mn z ] 1-δ O 2 with x+y+z=1), are the most widely used cathode active material (CAM) in Li-ion batteries for portable devices battery electric vehicles. 1 The class of NCM materials has several advantageous properties such as high energy power densities good cycling stability. However, depending on Ni:Co:Mn ratio, electrochemical performance characteristics can differ...

The cell voltage reversal that can occur during the transient operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel (PEMFC) stack leads to substantial degradation anode catalyst. During reversal, potential increases (>>1 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), causing severe oxidation catalyst carbon support, which collapse layer and failure. One strategy mitigate damages H 2 starvation is addition co-catalyst electrode, catalyzes oxygen evolution reaction (OER), so non-damaging OER rather...

Vanadium redox flow batteries currently have come closer to their suitability in the industrial as well private sector. However, they still suffer from high capital costs, mainly ruled by conversion unit consisting of an assembly sandwiched components, such semipermeable membranes and carbon electrodes (MEA). The respective system power output scales with determines necessary geometric area MEA. By increasing specific a MEA costs may be reduced. As commonly porous graphite felt (GF) are used...

Lithium-rich layered oxides offer an extraordinarily high gravimetric capacity of more than 250 mAh g -1 , which makes this class materials attractive as cathode material in future automotive applications. 1 However, the suffer from several drawbacks, such low initial coulombic efficiency, poor retention and voltage fading upon cycling. 2 While a lot efforts have been put into modification with minor success, no matter whether were bulk- or surface-related, 3,4 less attention has paid to...

For Li-ion battery development, Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide cathodes (HE-NCM, Li 1+x [M] 1-x O 2 with M = Ni, Mn, Co typically 0.1 < x 0.2) are currently under development. Their exceptionally high gravimetric capacity is, however, accompanied by a significant voltage hysteresis which reduces the round-trip energy efficiency of cell. 1 In particular, part is still present during measurements at open circuit (OCV hysteresis, see Figure 1a) hence leads to an loss, independent applied...

For Li-ion battery development, Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide cathodes (LMRNCM, Li 1+x [NiCoMn] 1-x O 2 with typically 0.1 < x 0.2), are currently under development. Their exceptionally high gravimetric capacity is, however, accompanied by a significant voltage hysteresis, which complicates the SOC management reduces round-trip energy efficiency of cell. 1 In particular, part hysteresis is still present during open circuit conditions (OCV) being independent applied current thus...