We report the use of carbon nanotubes as a sensor for chemical nerve agents. Thin-film transistors constructed from random networks single-walled were used to detect dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), simulant agent sarin. These sensors are reversible and capable detecting DMMP at sub-ppb concentration levels, they intrinsically selective against interferent signals hydrocarbon vapors humidity. provide additional specificity by filters coated with chemoselective polymer films. results...

We describe a technique for rapid stand-off detection of trace explosives and other analytes interest. An infrared (IR) laser is directed to surface interest, which viewed using thermal imager. Resonant absorption by the analyte at specific IR wavelengths selectively heats analyte, providing contrast with substrate. The concept demonstrated trinitrotoluene cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine on transparent, absorbing, reflecting substrates. Trace have been detected from particles as small 10 μm.

Weak scattering and short optical interaction lengths have, until this work, prevented the observation of trace gas Raman spectra using photonic integrated circuitry. spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool, its implementation chip-scale waveguide devices represents critical step toward detection identification in small handheld systems. Here, we report first measurements gases nanophotonic waveguides. These were made possible highly evanescent rib waveguides functionalized with thin...

Abstract The trapped-ion quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture is a leading candidate for advanced information processing. In current QCCD implementations, imperfect ion transport and anomalous heating can excite motion during calculation. To counteract this, intermediate cooling necessary to maintain high-fidelity gate performance. Cooling the computational ions sympathetically with of another species, commonly employed strategy, creates significant runtime bottleneck. Here, we...

The design, fabrication, and testing of a resonant cantilever beam in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is presented this paper. gas-sensing device capable monitoring hazardous vapors gases at trace concentrations. new design the described here includes interdigitated fingers for electrostatic actuation piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge to read out deflection signal. reference resistors are fabricated on auxiliary beams that immediately adjacent actuated device. whole...

We report the measurement of waveguide-enhanced Raman spectra from trace concentrations four vapor-phase chemical warfare agent simulants: dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl trimethyl phosphate, and triethyl phosphate. The are obtained using highly evanescent nanophotonic silicon nitride waveguides coated with a naturally reversible hyperbranched carbosilane sorbent polymer exhibit extrapolated one-σ detection limits as low 5 ppb. use finite-element model to explain polarization wavelength...

The design, fabrication, and testing of a sorbent-coated microfabricated preconcentrator device in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor is presented. As device, the used to collect, concentrate, deliver analyte sampled from air for analysis with detector. this paper based on perforated flowthrough microhotplate structure that coated sorbent layer maximize vapor trapping efficiency. coating sorbs analytes interest during collection phase at ambient temperatures. A thermal desorption cycle...

We detect trace gases at parts-per-billion levels using evanescent-field absorption spectroscopy in silicon nitride microring resonators coated with a functionalized sorbent polymer. An analysis of the resonance line shapes enables measurement differential spectra for number vapor-phase analytes. The are obtained near-infrared overtone OH-stretch resonance, which provides information about toxicity analyte vapor.

There is a growing need for new characterization techniques that can provide information about the chemical composition of surfaces and bulk materials with spatial resolution in range 1-10 microns. While FTIR microspectroscopy addresses this problem, practical limit still only 20 Other well-established at nanometer are impractical micro-scale. Raman micro-spectroscopy provides adequate (~1 micron), but may not always be useful due to its low throughput samples strong fluorescence. We...

We are developing a technique for the standoff detection of trace explosives on relevant substrate surfaces using photothermal infrared (IR) imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS). This approach leverages one or more compact IR quantum cascade lasers, which tuned to strong absorption bands in analytes and directed illuminate an area surface interest. An focal plane array is used image detect increases thermal emission upon laser illumination. The PT-IRIS signal processed as hyperspectral cube...

We are developing a proximal noncontact detection technique for trace amounts of hazardous materials using diffuse reflectance infrared spectral signatures. Spectroscopy is performed at distance by tuning quantum cascade laser system through its wavelength range (6-11 μm) as the active illumination source and collecting portion diffusely reflected light from target onto an MCT focal plane array. The signals each collected frame binned processed into image hypercube that contains spatial...

The optical properties of several hydrogen-bond acidic sorbent materials are evaluated in situ to assess their suitability for waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) vapor-phase organophosphonates. A number characteristics critical WERS each sorbent: infrared absorption, spectral background, and the limit detection a test hydrogen-bond-basic analyte (dimethyl methylphosphonate, DMMP). We describe chemical sorbents that differentiate sensing. Then, we introduce figure-of-merit...

Fluoropolyol, a sorbent chemoselective oligomer, has been deposited using matrix-assisted laser-based deposition technique. A comparison of films with infrared (2.94 μm) and ultraviolet (UV) (193 nm) radiation shows that photochemical and/or photothermal modification the oligomer occurs for UV-deposited while IR-deposited appear to be identical starting material. In addition, it is shown even ablating matrix alone causes film when UV laser. Therefore, unless interactions are desired outcome,...

We describe a new class of micro-opto-mechanical chemical sensors: A photonic microharp sensor is an array closely spaced microbridges, each differing slightly in length and coated with different sorbent polymer. They are optically interrogated using microcavity interferometry photothermal actuation, coupled directly to optical fiber. Simultaneous measurements the fundamental flexural resonant frequency microbridge allow real-time detection discrimination variety vapor-phase analytes,...

Fluoropolyol, a sorbent chemoselective polymer, has been deposited as thin film by resonant infrared pulsed laser deposition using free electron operating at 2.90 μm, wavelength with the hydroxl stretch. A comparison of absorbance and starting material shows no evidence chemical decomposition in film. Gel permeation chromatography that have nearly same molar mass. The results are particularly applicable to fabrication biological sensors. concept intrinsic vibrational modes may wide...

We have developed a technique for the stand-off detection of trace explosives using infrared photothermal imaging. In this approach, quantum cascade lasers tuned to strong vibrational absorption bands explosive particles illuminate surface interest, preferentially heating material. An focal plane array is used image and detect small increase in thermal intensity upon laser illumination. demonstrated TNT RDX residues at several meters distance under laboratory conditions, while operating...

A technique for stand-off detection of trace explosives using infrared (IR) photo-thermal (PT) imaging, remote (RED), is under development at the Naval Research Laboratory. In this approach, compact IR quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) tuned to strong absorption bands illuminate a surface interest. An focal plane array used image and detect any small increase in thermal emission upon laser illumination. The has been previously demonstrated several meters distance indoors field tests with...

We are developing a technique for the stand-off detection of trace explosives on relevant substrate surfaces using photo-thermal infrared (IR) imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS). This approach leverages one or more compact IR quantum cascade lasers, tuned to strong absorption bands in analytes and directed illuminate an area surface interest. An focal plane array is used image detect small increases thermal emission upon laser illumination. The PT-IRIS signal processed as hyperspectral cube...

We are developing a technique for the stand-off detection of trace analytes and residues (explosives, hazardous chemicals, drugs, etc.) using photo-thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS). Herein, we refer to this as "RED" "Remote Explosives Detection" or "Resonance Enhanced Detection". This approach leverages recent developments in critical enabling micro nano-technology components. The first component, compact IR quantum cascade laser (QCL), is tuned fundamental absorption bands...

Trace or residue explosives detection typically involves examining found as solid particles on a substrate. Different optical spectroscopy techniques are being developed to detect these in situ by probing how light interacts with the surface bound of explosives. In order evaluate technologies it is important have available suitable test coupons coated When fabricating performance help train algorithm, use realistic and consider physicochemical properties particles, related chemicals,...