Breeders work to adapt winter wheat genotypes for high planting densities pursue sustainable intensification and maximize canopy productivity. Although the effects of plant-plant competition at density have been extensively reported, quantitative relationship between competitiveness plant performance remains unclear. In this study, we introduced a shoot index (SCI) quantify examined dynamics nine competitiveness-related traits in 200 grown heterogeneous canopies two densities. Higher...

With climate change and an ever-increasing human population threatening food security, developing a better understanding of the genetic basis crop performance under stressful conditions has become increasingly important. Here, we used genome-wide association studies to genetically dissect variation in seedling growth traits cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) well-watered water-limited (i.e., osmotic stress) conditions, with particular focus on root morphology. Water limitation...

Abstract Evolutionary adaptation to variation in resource supply has resulted plant strategies that are based on trade‐offs functional traits. Here, we investigate, for the first time across multiple species, whether such also apparent growth and morphology responses past low, current ambient, future high CO 2 concentrations. We grew freshly germinated seedlings of up 28 C 3 species (16 forbs, 6 woody, grasses) climate chambers at 160 ppm, 450 750 ppm . determined biomass, allocation, SLA...

Abstract Maintaining crop productivity is challenging as population growth, climate change, and increasing fertilizer costs necessitate expanding production to poorer lands whilst reducing inputs. Enhancing crops’ nutrient use efficiency thus an important goal, but requires a better understanding of related traits their genetic basis. We investigated variation in low stress tolerance diverse panel cultivated sunflower genotypes grown under high conditions, assessing relative growth rate...

With rising food demands, crop production on salinized lands is increasingly necessary. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), a moderately salt-tolerant crop, exhibits tradeoff where more vigorous, high-performing genotypes have greater proportional decline in biomass under salinity stress. Prior research has found deviations from this relationship across genotypes. Here, we identified the traits and genomic regions underlying variation expectation-deviation tolerance (the magnitude direction of...

Abstract Developing more stress‐tolerant crops will require greater knowledge of the physiological basis stress tolerance. Here, we explore how biomass declines in response to salinity relate leaf traits across 20 genotypes cultivated sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ). Plant growth, and elemental composition were assessed after 21 days treatments (0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 mM NaCl) a greenhouse study. There was trade‐off performance such that vigorous genotypes, those with higher at 0 NaCl, had...

Abstract A general understanding of the links between atmospheric CO 2 concentration and functioning terrestrial biosphere requires not only an plant trait responses to ongoing transition higher but also legacy effects past low . An interesting question is whether from current can be thought as a continuation trajectory levels. Determining this quantifying effect sizes response We performed meta‐analysis growth experiments on 34 studies with 54 species. quantified how traits vary at reduced...

According to the Shifting Defense Hypothesis, invasive plants should trade-off their costly quantitative defense cheaper qualitative and growth due lack of natural specialist enemies presence generalist in introduced areas. Several studies showed that plant genotypes from areas had a better than native area but only few have focused on defenses tolerance ability. We compared structural defenses, between populations different continents using model Jacobaea vulgaris. examined several...

Abstract Cultivated crops are generally expected to have less abiotic stress tolerance than their wild relatives. However, this assumption is not well supported by empirical literature and may depend on the type of how it imposed, as measure being used. Here, we investigated whether cultivated accessions Helianthus annuus differed in assessed proportional decline biomass due drought trait responses associations with tolerance. In a greenhouse study, H. two domestication classes (eight eight...

Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) exhibits numerous phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to drought. However, the ways in which these vary with differences drought timing severity are insufficiently understood. We used data evaluate response of scenarios different a common garden experiment. Using semi-automated outdoor high-throughput phenotyping platform, we grew six oilseed lines under control conditions. Our results reveal that similar can have disparate effects when...

In the face of resource limitations, plants show plasticity in multiple trait categories, including biomass allocation, morphology, and anatomy, yet inevitably also grow less. The extent to which passive mass-scaling plays a role responses that contribute increased potential for acquisition is poorly understood. Here, we assessed on direction, magnitude, coordination light and/or nutrient limitation cultivated sunflower (

Stomata and leaf veins play an essential role in transpiration the movement of water throughout leaves. These traits are thus thought to a key adaptation plants drought better understanding genetic basis their variation coordination could inform efforts improve tolerance. Here, we explore patterns covariation anatomical analyze architecture via genome-wide association (GWA) analyses cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Traits related stomatal density morphology as well lower-order...

Cultivated crops are expected to be less stress tolerant than their wild relatives, leading efforts mine relatives for traits increase crop tolerance. However, empirical tests of this expectation often confound tolerance with plant vigor. We assessed whether and cultivated Helianthus annuus L. differed salinity 0 150 mM NaCl treatments. Salinity was as the proportional reduction in biomass deviation from performance based on accessions had a greater decline accessions, but positively...

Abstract Disruption of ion homeostasis is a major component salinity stress's effect on crop yield. In cultivated sunflower prior work revealed negative relationship between vigor and tolerance. Here, we determined the association elemental content/distribution traits with tolerance, both without taking (biomass in control treatment) into account. We grew seedlings 12 Helianthus annuus genotypes two treatments (0, 100 mM NaCl). Plants were measured for biomass (+allocation), element content...

Abstract Disruption of ion homeostasis is a major component salinity stress’s effect on crop yield. In cultivated sunflower prior work revealed trade-off between vigor and tolerance. Here we determined the association elemental content/distribution traits with tolerance, both without taking this into account. We grew seedlings twelve Helianthus annuus genotypes in two treatments (0/100 mM NaCl). Plants were measured for biomass (+allocation), element content (Na, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B, Mn,...

Abstract In the face of resource limitations, plants show plasticity in multiple trait categories, including biomass allocation, morphology and anatomy, yet inevitably also grow less. The extent to which passive mass-scaling plays a role responses that contribute increased potential for acquisition are poorly understood. Here we assessed on direction, magnitude coordination light and/or nutrient limitation cultivated sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ). We grew seedlings ten genotypes three...

Abstract With rising food demands, crop production on salinized lands is increasingly necessary. Sunflower, a moderately salt tolerant crop, exhibits trade-off where more vigorous, high-performing genotypes have greater proportional decline in biomass under salinity stress. Prior research has found deviations from this relationship across genotypes; the magnitude and direction of these provides useful metric tolerance. Here, we identified traits genomic regions underlying variation...