The works of art and artifacts that constitute our cultural heritage are subject to deterioration, both from internal external factors. Surfaces interact with the environment most prone aging decay; accordingly, soiling is a prime factor in degradation surfaces attendant disfigurement piece. Coatings were originally intended protect or contribute aesthetically an artwork should be removed if they begin have destructive impact on its appearance surface chemistry. Since mid-19th century,...

Formation and aggregation of metal carboxylates (metal soaps) can degrade the appearance integrity oil paints, challenging efforts to conserve painted works art. Endeavors understand root cause soap formation have been hampered by limited spatial resolution Fourier transform infrared microscopy (μ-FTIR). We overcome this limitation using optical photothermal spectroscopy (O-PTIR) photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR), two novel methods that provide IR spectra with ≈500 ≈10 nm resolutions,...

We have developed soft, peelable organogels from 40% hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate) (40PVAc) and benzene-1,4-diboronic acid (BDBA). The organic liquids gelated include dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, 2-ethoxyethanol, methanol. rheology of these soft materials can be tuned by altering the concentration polymer and/or crosslinker. Insights into mechanisms leading to gelation were obtained 1H NMR experiments, fluorescence measurements, studies comparing properties made...

UV-visible luminescence techniques are fre-quently used for the study of cultural heritage materials, despite their limitations identification and discrimination in case complex heterogeneous materials. In contrast to tabletop setups, two methods based on vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-UV-visible emission generated at a bending magnet synchrotron source described. The main advantages extended wavelength range attained, continuous tunability source, its brightness, leading submicrometer lateral...

Following a brief overview of the history analysis artists' pigments, I discuss illustrative example lead-tin yellow. Recent advances in our knowledge use red lakes, glassy and metallic pigments works cultural heritage, particularly European paintings, as determined from chemical analyses are described.

In order to fully characterize the zinc white artists' pigment (ZnO), much used since mid-nineteenth century, three samples collected in early 20th century were studied using a combination of synchrotron and macroscopic photoluminescence spectroscopy imaging. An improved microscope setup based on microspectroscopy microimaging was study powders dispersed onto indium foil. The offered diffraction-limited resolution 153 nm. PL spectra individual grains measured distribution particles' emission...

Oil paints comprise pigments, drying oils, and additives that together confer desirable properties, but can react to form metal carboxylates (soaps) may damage artworks over time. To obtain information on soap formation aggregation, we introduce a new tapping-mode measurement paradigm for the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique enables nanoscale IR spectroscopy imaging highly heterogenous rough paint thin sections. PTIR is used in combination with μ-computed tomography microscopy...

The important trecento Florentine artist Giotto (c. 1266-1337) is renowned for his naturalistic and realistic works in tempera fresco. His innovative paintng style involved painting expressive, emotive faces use of pictorial devices depicting space. This report focuses on the analysis materials methods used a panel collection National Gallery Art, Madonna Child (1310/1315). inky washes under thin layers egg paint. Yellow iron earth lead tin yellow are present paint to depict lining Virgin's...

A versatile gel-like system for the treatment of art has been prepared from partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate), borax, and large fractions ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl acetone. Variables such as concentrations two gelating components, degree hydrolysis molecular weight polymer, type liquid gelated were investigated to establish formulations gels with physical chemical properties that are best suited specific applications. The designed have an elastic character allows them...

Color change in artworks has been commented on for centuries. Fading of watercolor pigments is a notable alteration. Pigments based carminic acid are among those particularly prone to color loss, but the mechanism and factors not well understood. We painted out three prepared from aqueous extract (CA) Dactylopius coccus: uncomplexed, aluminium- tin-complexed lakes. These were applied 2% gum Arabic solution papers that acidic, neutral or alkaline pH exposed accelerated light aging...

In the sixteenth century, Erzgebirge mountains were mined for mineral ores of cobalt and antimony that used to make blue pigment smalt, a potash glass, yellow pigments based on lead-antimony oxides, respectively. By beginning seventeenth these had found permanent place easel painter’s palette, smalt in ultramarine antimonial compounds enlivening yellows spectrum. Mining efforts also located sources naphtha, improvements distillation would have allowed it (and other solvents) be fractioned...

To investigate soap formation in drying oils historic paints, the reaction between metal acetates (K+, Zn2+, Pb2+) and ethyl linoleate (EL) was studied using optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy. Pb(II) Zn(II) react rapidly with EL to form highly structured, spherulitic, luminescent crystallites that aggregate. Evidence from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning microscopy/energy dispersive analysis high-resolution synchrotron diffraction indicates these are...

Gel-like, highly viscous polymeric dispersions from borate-crosslinked polyols can be prepared entirely with organic liquids and have viscoelastic properties similar to the equivalent materials in aqueous or organo-aqueous solutions.

Deep ultraviolet (DUV) photoluminescence (PL) microimaging is an emerging approach to characterise materials from historical artefacts (see M. Thoury, J.-P. Echard, Réfrégiers, B. H. Berrie, A. Nevin, F. Jamme and L. Bertrand, Anal. Chem., 2011, 83, 1737-1745). Here we further assess the potential of method access a deeper understanding multi-layered varnishes coating wooden violins lutes. Cross-section micro samples important 16(th)- 18(th)-century instruments were investigated using...

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a II-VI semiconductor that has been used for the last 150 years as an artists' pigment under name of zinc white. Oil paints containing white are known to be prone formation carboxylates, which can cause protrusions and mechanical failure. In this article, it demonstrated how multispectral synchrotron-based deep-UV photoluminescence microimaging technique show distribution soaps on submicrometer scale information further understanding degradation processes in oil paint....

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonadiabaticity in ruthenium(III)-titanium(III) outer-sphere electron-transfer reactionsJoseph E. Earley, Rathindra N. Bose, and Barbara H. BerrieCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 13, 1836–1839Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00155a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00155a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle...

External reflectance (ER)-FTIR spectroscopy is a non-contact analytical technique particularly suitable for the study of cultural heritage materials having delicate surfaces, such as photographs. Challenges to implementing ER-FTIR in field photograph conservation are difficulty interpreting spectra and lack published reference spectra. To investigate applicability characterize diverse types photographs, archetypes major photographic print processes common 19th early 20th century were...

Since the important rediscovery by Jacobi in 1941 of use lead-tin yellow as a traditional artists' pigment, and identification Kühn two distinct modifications this material, elemental analysis crystallographic determinations using X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been applied routinely to opaque pigments from Old Master paintings. We report here discovery characterization these methods new lead-based seventeenth-century paintings, based on ternary oxide lead, tin antimony. This pigment is...

Abstract Oil paints comprise pigments, drying oils, and additives that together confer desirable properties, but can react to form metal carboxylates (soaps) may damage artworks over time. To obtain information on soap formation aggregation, we introduce a new tapping‐mode measurement paradigm for the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique enables nanoscale IR spectroscopy imaging highly heterogenous rough paint thin sections. PTIR is used in combination with μ‐computed tomography...

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) organogel sponges were prepared and studied in order to understand the role of pore size an elastomeric network on ability uptake release organic solvents. PDMS have been produced according sugar leaching techniques by adding two templates different forms grain sizes (a cube template a powdered template), obtain materials differing porosity, distribution, solvent absorption liquid retention capability. These compared slabs that do not contain pores. The...

Cyclododecane (CDD) has been used for several years as a temporary consolidant organic and inorganic materials of interest in cultural heritage. In this work, comparative study conducted with CDD three other sublimable compounds – menthol, camphene, cyclododecanone protectants water-sensitive paint during the desalination painted pottery. The experiments include salination, consolidation, desalination, were on samples newly prepared laboratory. Optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, elemental mapping,...

Abstract We report the influence of adding five short‐chain glycol ethers (SCGEs) on structure, stability, and viscoelastic properties aqueous dispersions partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate) borax. The these gel‐like materials have been investigated as a function structure added SCGE both below above critical aggregation (or micellar) concentrations using 11 B 13 C NMR, rheology, small‐angle neutron scattering. results indicate that behavior is not affected by incorporation into...