A new beam-switching array system, capable of providing four sets switchable beams, is proposed and demonstrated. The core building block for fulfilling the design phase reconfigurable synthesized transmission line (PRSTL), whose electrical length switched between two states as a 1-bit shifter. By cascading PRSTLs to outputs standard Butler matrix, progressive shifts adjacent antenna elements can be controlled in variety fashions. aims provide low-complexity solution expand beam...

A new tunable directional coupler with a very wide tuning range of power division ratio (PDR) is proposed and demonstrated. The key uniqueness the introduction phase reconfigurable synthesized transmission lines (PRSTLs) as elements whose electrical length input matching can be controlled simultaneously. By inserting PRSTLs in between two branch-line couplers (BLCs), PDR at outputs theoretically tuned from 0 to ∞ (or equivalently -∞ dB) low reflection coefficient good port isolation. As an...

A planar microstrip series-fed slot antenna array, providing two-dimensional (2-D) beamwidth-switching capability, is presented and demonstrated. newly developed reconfigurable synthesized line was incorporated into the feed network of array as ON/OFF RF switches to enable reconfigurability. With aid varactor diodes, can be switched between two states at same frequency. In one state, it functions a 50-Ω for signal transmission, in other an open circuit blockage. The switching depended on...

A new on-chip dual-band Wilkinson power divider (WPD), developed on a GaAs-based integrated passive device (IPD) process, is designed at 28/60 GHz for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications. Composite right/left-handed lines in microstrip form are employed to achieve the property. Thanks low-loss feature of IPD proposed mmW WPD ensures comparable performance when compared its counterparts microwave frequencies. Besides, design, one few WPDs bands, yields better terms input matching and loss with...

We propose a new tunable coupler with flexible coupling direction and wide power division ratio (PDR) tuning range. The structure consists of two 90° hybrid couplers reconfigurable synthesized transmission lines (RSTLs) inserted in between. RSTL is designed to operate either the passband as an analog phase shifter or transition region stopband mismatched circuit reflection/transmission coefficients. By properly controlling electrical responses RSTLs, PDR range can be greatly extended both...

A novel periodic synthesized transmission line, comprising unit cells and specially treated corner cells, is proposed realized using integrated passive device technology. The key innovation the square cell, formed by an asteriated strip overlapped with a capacitive pad. It enables 2-D layout routing since any two of four arms cell can serve as input/output ports. To account for discontinuity effect at bends, are developed independently pure lumped T-network to reduce undesired signal...

A self-oscillating active integrated antenna (AIA) featuring circular polarization (CP) is presented in this letter. The oscillation sourced by a cross-coupled pair (XCP) with negative conductance. Microstrip lines embedded LC resonators are applied to fulfill the feedback loop between of transistors, which functions as frequency selective element harmonic suppression capability. monopole attached output XCP for radiating power into space; CP operation, meanwhile, obtained introducing...

A self-oscillating active integrated antenna (AIA) with harmonic suppression using metamaterial resonators and ground radiation is proposed investigated. Two composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) cells are connected in parallel operated at negative first-order mode as the left-handed to serve frequency selective element feedback path of oscillating circuit same time. Meanwhile, parameters independently controlled by exciting dipole-like ground-mode CRLH cells. Benefiting from high-quality...

A new 1 × 4 phase distribution network (PDN) featuring a fully controllable progressive shift between outputs is proposed for continuous beam-scanning arrays. The PDN made up of two parts: modified 2 Butler matrix integrated with four shifters (PSs), and tunable power divider (TPD) whose division ratio can be controlled over wide tuning range. synthesis equations show that the relative by TPD embedded PSs without using an external single-pole quad-throw (SP4T) switch. demonstrated at 2.4 GHz...

A novel phase reconfigurable synthesized transmission line is proposed in this paper. By utilizing quasi-lumped elements and varactor diodes, the functions as a 1-bit shifter by switching its electrical length between two states; characteristic impedance, meanwhile, kept unaltered. The design concept, circuit model, performance are carefully investigated discussed. Based on newly developed line, hybrid coupler, which can be electrically switched rat-race or branch-line coupler at same...

A simple, low-cost yet efficient polarization sensing system, capable of determining the state a self-oscillating circularly-polarized active integrated antenna (CPAIA), is proposed and demonstrated. The newly developed system retrieving phase difference information between orthogonal field components CPAIA without need common synchronous reference signal as that in conventional pattern measuring system. two electrical fields are captured mixed to retrieve relative dc voltages. As proof...

A simple two-element integrated array, capable of dual-mode operations, is investigated. With the feeding network unchanged, array identical to a reflection-type retrodirective in one band, but automatically reconfigures as beam-switching with mutually orthogonal sum and difference patterns other band. The core building block coupler, which functions identically 90° hybrid coupler 180° respectively, two bands. By integrating this unusual reflection loads, diplexers, gain stages, antennas,...

A dual-mode hybrid coupler, capable of providing distinguished functions as branch-line and rat-race couplers at two frequency bands, is first ever demonstrated on integrated passive device (IPD) process. The unusual design fulfilled by replacing each arm the coupler several composite right/left-handed (CRLH) unit cells whose characteristic impedance electrical length are controllable bands. For size reduction, CRLH cells, consist left-handed Tnetworks a right-handed π-network inserted in...

A new self-oscillating circularly polarized active integrated antenna (CPAIA) featuring boosted dc-to-RF conversion efficiency is proposed and demonstrated in this letter. The efficiency, 40% better than the second best design literature, achieved by innovative integration of a CP exciter with pair anti-symmetrically arranged parasitic radiators. linearly dipole consisting zeroth-order resonators crosscoupled oscillator. In addition to oscillate radiate electrical field into space, it...

A D-band transition from air-filled WR-06 rectangular waveguide to substrate integrated (SIW) is presented. The primarily uses an aperture-coupled patch antenna and its surrounding annular slot transform the TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> mode SIW on a printed circuit board (PCB). simulated fractional bandwidth with |S xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> | < − 10 dB of single 14% 137 GHz 158 insertion...

A novel phase reconfigurable synthesized transmission line is proposed in this paper. By utilizing quasi-lumped elements and varactor diodes, the functions as a 1-bit shifter by switching its electrical length between two states; characteristic impedance, meanwhile, kept unaltered. The design concept, circuit model, performance are carefully investigated discussed. Based on newly developed line, hybrid coupler, which can be electrically switched rat-race or branch-line coupler at same...

A unique beam scanning array, neither applying spherical-to-plane wave transformation like a reflect array nor utilizing corporate feed network Butler matrix, is proposed and investigated in this paper. The governing equations of common retro-directive are revisited generalized to fulfill linear having retro-beam without using heterodyne technique. In the scheme, progressive phase difference between adjacent antenna elements controlled not only by interconnecting line in-between but also an...

A decoupling network for two-element closely-spaced arrays is investigated in this paper with rigorous design formulas. The proposed scheme deals even-/odd-mode matching and requirements individually can achieve overall excellent impedance isolation at the same time.

A new planar pattern switchable antenna is presented in this letter. The phase reconfigurable synthesized transmission line (PRSTL), capable of serving as a 1 bit shifter with the aid varactor diode, integrated into feed network switching element. By changing electrical lengths PRSTLs, weighting vertical and horizontal current components on radiator controlled accordingly, hence, enabling switchability. Based proposed concept, an exemplum four operating states was designed fabricated....

A circularly-polarized self-oscillating active integrated slot antenna, rarely discussed in literature, is proposed and demonstrated this paper. The design simply consists of a cross-coupled pair oscillator slot-loop antenna. circular polarization characteristics the antenna were fulfilled by using spatially dual-feed technique with quadrature phase difference. fabricated shows stable oscillation at 920 MHz for UHF RFID applications an equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) 8.1 dBm....

In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable self-oscillating active integrated antenna (AIA), realized by metamaterial resonator, feedback oscillator and pair of PIN diodes, is proposed experimentally demonstrated. By switching on off the diodes bridging shunt inductance, resonator can be operated either as composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) or mu-negative material (MNG) both operating in +1 mode. The functions frequency-selective element oscillator, thereby determining oscillating AIA two...

A fully planar amphibious antenna, capable of providing efficient radiation when surrounded by air as well water, is demonstrated. Benefiting from a dual-operational mode passive matching network that simply consists synthesized transmission line and common delay line, the antenna matched in both media with acceptable total efficiency. The comprising merely six quasi-lumped elements, functions identically to conventional air, but automatically reconfigures an open circuit water. design...

In this paper, we investigate a compact on-chip liquid detector fabricated by integrated passive device (IPD) process. The simply consists of section dual-operation mode synthesized transmission line, whose electrical properties are highly depended on the material medium surrounding chip. Specifically, capacitance line changes in accordance with dielectric constant that medium, which turn shapes response line. synthesis equations first introduced, followed its application to extracting...

This paper proposes a circular polarization (CP) reconfigurable T-shaped slot antenna. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is carried out to understand the physical mechanism of stand-alone conductor laminate, from which modal current distribution over conducting plane suggests how can be fulfilled. Furthermore, by using pair PIN diodes, antenna capable switching its right hand (RHCP) left (LHCP) and vice versa. The targets at 2.4-GHz band. simulated overlapped -10-dB reflection coefficient...