A5084989460- Polar Research and Ecology
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Climate change and permafrost
- Diatoms and Algae Research
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Algal biology and biofuel production
- Selenium in Biological Systems
- Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications
- Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
University of Bristol
2014-2024
University of Maine
2016
University of Essex
2016
Loughborough University
2016
Cabot (United States)
2010
United States Global Change Research Program
2006-2009
Planta
1994-2008
University of Windsor
1984-1988
Great Lakes Institute of Management
1984-1988
University College London
1982
Summary 1. The European Union's Water Framework Directive requires all water bodies to achieve ‘good ecological status’ by 2015 and this paper describes a rationale for defining based on diatoms, significant component of the biological quality element ‘macrophyte phytobenthos’. 2. A database benthic diatom samples collected over past 20 years was assembled. New sampling, specifically project, undertaken during 2004 supplement these data. In total 1051 were included in with matching...
Abstract. Phytoplankton identification and abundance data are now commonly feeding plankton distribution databases worldwide. This study is a first attempt to compile the largest possible body of available from different as well individual published or unpublished datasets regarding diatom in world ocean. The obtained originate time series studies spatial studies. effort supported by Marine Ecosystem Model Inter-Comparison Project (MAREMIP), which aims at building consistent for main...
Abstract Surface ablation of the Greenland ice sheet is amplified by surface darkening caused light‐absorbing impurities such as mineral dust, black carbon, and pigmented microbial cells. We present first quantitative assessment contribution to darkening, based on field measurements reflectance concentrations impurities, including algae, during 2014 melt season in southwestern part sheet. The impact algae bare study area was greater than that nonalgal yielded a net albedo reduction 0.038 ±...
Abstract. Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is largest single contributor to eustatic sea level and amplified by growth pigmented algae on ice surface, which increases solar radiation absorption. This biological albedo-reducing effect its impact upon rise has not previously been quantified. Here, we combine field spectroscopy with a radiative-transfer model, supervised classification unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) satellite remote-sensing data, runoff modelling calculate biologically...
Blooms of Zygnematophycean “glacier algae” lower the bare ice albedo Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), amplifying summer energy absorption at surface and enhancing meltwater runoff from largest cryospheric contributor to contemporary sea-level rise. Here, we provide a step change in current understanding algal-driven sheet darkening through quantification photophysiological mechanisms that allow glacier algae thrive on darken surface. Significant secondary phenolic pigmentation (11 times cellular...
Abstract Biodiversity increases the ability of ecosystems to provide multiple functions. Most studies report a positive relationship between species richness and number ecosystem However, it is not known whether functional groups related structure underlying interaction network. Here we present food web data from 115 salt marsh islands show that network associated with present. Functional group diversity heterogeneously distributed across spatial scales, some hosting more than others. form...
Abstract Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet is a leading cause land-ice mass loss and cryosphere-attributed sea level rise. Blooms pigmented glacier ice algae lower albedo accelerate surface melting in sheet’s southwest sector. Although up to 13% this region, controls on bloom development remain poorly understood. Here we show direct link between mineral phosphorus biomass through quantification solid fluid phase reservoirs habitats across ablation zone sheet. We demonstrate that nutrients...
The Kangerlussuaq area of southwest Greenland encompasses diverse ecological, geomorphic, and climate gradients that function over a range spatial temporal scales. Ecosystems from the microbial communities on ice sheet moisture-stressed terrestrial vegetation (and their associated herbivores) to freshwater oligosaline lakes. These ecosystems are linked by dynamic glacio-fluvial-aeolian geomorphic system transports water, geological material, organic carbon nutrients glacier surface adjacent...
It is fundamental to understand the development of Zygnematophycean (Streptophyte) micro-algal blooms within Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) supraglacial environments, given their potential significantly impact both physical (melt) and chemical (carbon nutrient cycling) surface characteristics. Here, we report on a space-for-time assessment GrIS ice algal bloom, achieved by sampling an ∼85 km transect spanning south-western bare zone during 2016 ablation season. Cell abundances ranged from 0 1.6...
We monitored the genetic diversity and phosphate (P) status of Prochlorococcus Synechococcus populations during an annual cycle (1999-2000) in Gulf Aqaba, Red Sea, using DNA probes antibodies against protein PstS, a molecular marker P stress. The usual spring bloom was not observed this year, picophytoplankton dominated by from April to December. A single high light (HL)- adapted ecotype Prochlorococcus, HLII, dominated, dominance extended even base euphotic zone for much year. Low...
The European Union's Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires that all water bodies in Europe achieve good ecological status (GES) by 2015. We developed an classification tool for UK lakes based on benthic diatoms, a key component of the biological-quality element macrophytes and phytobenthos. A database 1079 epilithic epiphytic diatom samples matching environmental data was assembled from 228 lakes. set divided into 3 lake types: low, medium, high alkalinity. trophic index (LTDI)...
Abstract Microbially mediated carbon fluxes on the surface of Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) were recently quantified by Hodson and others (2010) using measurements coverage debris (cryoconite) rates biological production associated with near ice-sheet margin. We present updated models that do not assume same spatial uniformity in key parameters employed because they make use biomass distribution data from a 79 km transect GrIS. Further, presented here also include for first time both cryoconite...
Abstract Prediction of high latitude response to climate change is hampered by poor understanding the role nonlinear changes in ecosystem forcing and response. While effects are often delayed or dampened internal dynamics, recent warming events Arctic have driven rapid environmental response, raising questions how terrestrial freshwater systems this region may shift abrupt change. We quantified responses West Greenland using long-term monitoring paleoecological reconstructions. Using >40...
Abstract. Glaciers and ice sheets host abundant dynamic communities of microorganisms on the surface (supraglacial environments). Recently, it has been shown that Streptophyte glacier algae blooming south-western coast Greenland Ice Sheet are a significant contributor to 15-year marked decrease in albedo. Currently, little is known about constraints, such as nutrient availability, this large-scale algal bloom. In study, we investigate relative abundances dissolved inorganic organic...
Summary From global food security to textile production and biofuels, the demands currently made on plant photosynthetic productivity will continue increase. Enhancing photosynthesis using designer, green sustainable materials offers an attractive alternative current genetic‐based strategies promising work with nanomaterials has recently started emerge. Here we describe in planta use of carbon‐based nanoparticles produced by low‐cost renewable routes that are bioavailable mature plants....
We investigated the community structure of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus along a transect in Arabian Sea during September 2001. The spanned contrasting oceanic conditions, allowing investigation effects both horizontal vertical environmental gradients over relatively large spatial scales on picocyanobacterial population structure. applied previously developed oligonucleotide probes specific for different ecotypes clades by hybridization to ‘oxygenic phototroph’ 16S ribosomal DNA...
There is current debate about whether the balance of photosynthesis and respiration has any impact on net accumulation organic matter glacier surfaces. This study assesses controls rates ecosystem production (NEP), respiration, in cryoconite holes during main melt season (June–August 2009) three valley glaciers Svalbard. Cryoconite thickness content explained 87% total variation (in units volume), (but not sediment depth) was a significant ( p < 0.05) control (by volume). The average...
Optical trapping techniques have been used to investigate fundamental biological processes ranging from the identification of processive mechanisms kinesin and myosin understanding mechanics DNA. To date, these investigations relied almost exclusively on use isotropic probes based colloidal microspheres. However, there are many potential advantages in utilizing more complex probe morphologies: multiple points enables control interaction volume; increasing distance between optical trap sample...