A5070767732- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Biological Control of Invasive Species
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Plant Ecology and Soil Science
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Forest Management and Policy
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
- Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
- Seedling growth and survival studies
- Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Botanical Research and Chemistry
- Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation
University of California System
2019
Directorate of Weed Research
2010-2019
Agroécologie
2015
Marshall Medical Center
2015
University of Bristol
1990-2012
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
1998
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
1986
University of Wales
1981-1984
Critical Art and Media Practice
1966
Agri-environment schemes are an increasingly important tool for the maintenance and restoration of farmland biodiversity in Europe but their ecological effects poorly known. Scheme design is partly based on non-ecological considerations poses restrictions evaluation studies. We describe a robust approach to evaluate agri-environment use it five European countries. compared species density vascular plants, birds, bees, grasshoppers crickets, spiders 202 paired fields, one with scheme, other...
Summary Weeds are major constraints on crop production, yet as part of the primary producers within farming systems, they may be important components agroecosystem. Using published literature, role weeds in arable systems for other above‐ground trophic levels examined. In UK, there is evidence that weed flora have changed over past century, with some species declining abundance, whereas others increased. There also a decline size seedbanks. Some these changes reflect improved agricultural...
Worldwide agriculture is one of the main drivers biodiversity decline. Effective conservation strategies depend on type relationship between and land-use intensity, but to date shape this unknown. We linked plant species richness with nitrogen (N) input as an indicator intensity 130 grasslands 141 arable fields in six European countries. Using Poisson regression, we found that was significantly negatively related N both field types after effects confounding environmental factors had been...
Abstract Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services is a key aim of sustainable agriculture. However, how the spatial arrangement crop fields other habitats in impacts arthropods their functions poorly known. Synthesising data from 49 studies (1515 landscapes) across Europe, we examined effects landscape composition (% habitats) configuration (edge density) on margins, pest control, pollination yields. Configuration interacted with proportions non‐crop...
Summary 1. Ecological theory predicts that the effectiveness of local agri‐environmental management to enhance species richness at field scales will be highest intermediate levels landscape complexity because nonlinear effects context on field‐scale diversity. 2. We examined how determined in terms birds, plants, spiders and bees 232 extensive intensive paired fields (112 arable 120 grasslands) from 18 regions located six European countries. 3. As predicted, enhanced a mostly (sigmoidal)...
Summary Understanding the spatial dynamics of insect distributions in farmland can provide insights into their ecological requirements and potential for management. Identifying scale, location persistence species’ aggregations is an important step towards understanding factors driving population distributions. This study examined how different carabid species were distributed field margin habitats, analysed spatiotemporal dynamics. We sampled 156 locations a grid pitfall traps over...
SUMMARY (1) Distribution records of the flora within arable field boundaries and associated crop indicated that most species in did not occur area. About 30% recorded boundary were found also at varying distances into crop. Many these only 2 5 m undisturbed edge, though some important weeds appear to originate margins, e.g. Bromus steriis L., Elymus repens Galium aparine. (2) Four types plant distribution on two farms, one Cambridgeshire other Hampshire. Plants (i) limited margin, (ii) but...
Spatial and temporal variation in fish-assemblage structure within isolated waterholes on the floodplains of Cooper Creek, Australia, was studied during 2001 dry season, a period natural drought this arid-zone river. abundance five species disconnected early season (April 2001) were related to extent floodplain inundation 14 months previously, interconnectedness waterhole habitat structure. As progressed, volumes decreased owing evaporative water loss structural elements (anabranches, bars,...
Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Estimates of numbers weed grass inflorescences in a single wheat field were made using 0·25 m 2 quadrat counts. Precise estimates mean density could be achieved only at high sampling intensity, least 18 locations (m ) ha ‐1 . The standard error expressed as percentage the was less than 20% for more abundant species and over 30% rarer that intensity. However, data highly skewed followed negative binomial frequency distribution each species. This implies it may...
Abstract Land-use change and intensification threaten bee populations worldwide, imperilling pollination services. Global models are needed to better characterise, project, mitigate bees' responses these human impacts. The available data are, however, geographically taxonomically unrepresentative; most from North America Western Europe, overrepresenting bumblebees raising concerns that model results may not be generalizable other regions taxa. To assess whether the geographic taxonomic...
In order to assess possible human effects associated with glyphosate formulations used in the Colombian aerial spray program for control of illicit crops, a cytogenetic biomonitoring study was carried out subjects from five regions, characterized by different exposure and other pesticides. Women reproductive age (137 persons 15–49 yr old) their spouses persons) were interviewed obtain data on current health status, history, lifestyle, including past occupational pesticides, factors those...
Summary A paired‐field study was made in southern England arable fields, each with or without sown 6‐m wide grass margin strips. Seven field pairs were located of small, intermediate and open landscapes, which based on mean size. Ground cover, plant species diversity assemblages assessed crop centres, edges non‐crop boundaries. The data used to test for effects margins, differences location, impacts rare weed landscape assemblages. Significantly higher found boundaries protected by buffer...
SUMMARY Most agricultural landscapes are a mosaic of farmers' fields, semi-natural habitats, human infrastructures (e.g., roads) and occasional natural habitats. Within such landscapes, linear habitats often define the edges fields. This paper reviews role interactions within between flora fauna these elements. In temperate, intensive agriculture, field margin which historically had true functions, now important refugia for biodiversity. As man-made margins may also have cultural roles as...
Summary The global need for agricultural production has never been greater. Nor it ever more complex due to the needs balance food security, optimum production, technological innovation, preservation of environmental functions and protection biodiversity. role ecologists in finding this is pivotal. In support role, now have very substantial experience systems. We can understand, recognize sometimes predict, at least qualitatively, effects pesticide applications, fertilizer use, drainage,...
The effects of a range herbicide doses on crop:weed competition were investigated by measuring crop yield and weed seed production. Weed competitivity wheat was greater in cv. Spark than Avalon, decreased with increasing dose, being well described the standard dose–response curve. A combined model then developed incorporating curve into rectangular hyperbola to describe plant density weed, Brassica napus L., herbicide, metsulfuron‐methyl, this study used production, estimate dose required...
1. To assess the impact of soil cultivation on horizontal movement seeds in arable soil, plastic beads and barley or triticale were used as seed models. Different coloured introduced field immediately before each five cultivations: ploughing, two tine cultivations, harrowing drilling. Beads recovered from 20‐cm cores divided into four 5‐cm deep horizons. 2. After a typical sequence operations, found up to 15 m their source, although most within 2 m. Most surface 5 cm profile, except for...