The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system is a prominent component of interannual climate variability, and the Southern Index (SOI) primary measure state ENSO ([1][1]). Here, we present evidence that ENSO-related changes in terrestrial carbon cycle can

Research Article| February 01, 2007 Stalagmite stable isotope record of recent tropical cyclone events Amy Benoit Frappier; Frappier 1Department Geology & Geophysics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dork Sahagian; Sahagian 2Environmental Initiative and Department Earth Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, Scott J. Carpenter; Carpenter 3Center Global Regional Geoscience,...

Bubble growth in an ascending parcel of magma is controlled both by diffusion oversaturated volatiles and decompression as the rises. We have developed a numerical model which explores processes involved water exsolution from basaltic rhyolitic melts rising at constant rate chamber depths 4 1 km. While does not attempt to simulate natural eruptions, it sheds light on control eruptive behavior under various conditions. Ascent rates are defined such that dP/dt maintained. A variety initial...

Research Article| January 01, 1986 Depth-dependent stretching: A different approach David B. Rowley; Rowley 1Department of Geophysical Sciences, University Chicago, Illinois 60637 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dork Sahagian Geology (1986) 14 (1): 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<32:DSADA>2.0.CO;2 Article history first online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Manager Share Icon Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Get Permissions Site...

Research Article| September 01, 2002 Timing of Colorado Plateau uplift: Initial constraints from vesicular basalt-derived paleoelevations Dork Sahagian; Sahagian 1Climate Change Center and Department Earth Sciences, Institute for the Study Earth, Oceans Space, University New Hampshire, Durham, Hampshire 03824, USA Search other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Alex Proussevitch; Proussevitch William Carlson 2Department Geological Science, Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, Author Article...

Volcanic eruptions are driven by bubbles that form when volatile species exsolve from magma. The conditions under which depend mainly on magma composition, concentration, presence of crystals, and decompression rate. These all predicated the mechanism volatiles melt to bubbles. We critically review known or inferred mechanisms bubble formation in magmas: homogeneous nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation crystal surfaces, spontaneous phase separation (spinodal decomposition). propose a general...

Epeirogenic motions can be quantified if paleodatum planes recognized. These have been determined for the time interval mid‐Cretaceous (Cenomanian) to recent in continental Africa using vertical displacement of ancient shoreline sediments and other nearshore or low‐elevation deposits that are inferred represent a Cenomanian sea level datum plane. The Cretaceous Trans‐Saharan seaway brought deep into African interior, additional data suggest most remaining terrestrial regions were also...

We have developed a method for determining paleoelevations of highland areas on the basis vesicularity lava flows. Vesicular lavas preserve record paleopressure at time and place emplacement because difference in internal pressure bubbles base top flow depends atmospheric thickness. At flow, is simply pressure, while base, there an additional contribution hydrostatic overburden. Thus modal size vesicle (bubble) population larger than bottom. This leads directly to paleoatmospheric thickness...

Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-rich parental melts that mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and ankerite, well minor ...Read More

The initial size distribution of gas bubbles in lava flows is modified by bubble rise and coalescence during post eruptive cooling crystallization. A simple model which computes the effects accounts for observed features may provide a means whereby can be inferred. flow assumed thickness, viscosity, volume percentage given an distribution. Bubbles coalesce due to differences their relative velocities. Using gravitational collection kernel, process modeled numerical integration stochastic...

We investigated urban eighth grade students' knowledge about climate change science and their understanding of global at personal societal levels. A comprehensive assessment measure aligned to recent U.S. goals was completed by 868 students in an school district. Results revealed deficiencies student's the differences between weather climate, composition Earth's atmosphere greenhouse gases, how gases impact change, features system, paleoclimatology, anthropogenic source contributions...

Uplift and subsidence histories of continental margins are by now reasonably well understood in the context plate tectonics, but epeirogenic movements interiors have been neither documented nor properly understood. Epeirogenic important to recognize when reconstructing paleogeography may yield information regarding mantle dynamics amplitudes, wavelengths, rates lithospheric flexure. Sediments deposited at or near sea level can be used as a worldwide datum against which measure...