Dual decomposition provides a tractable framework for designing algorithms finding the most probable (MAP) configuration in graphical models. However, many real-world inference problems, typical has large integrality gap, due to frustrated cycles. One way tighten relaxation is introduce additional constraints that explicitly enforce cycle consistency. Earlier work showed cluster-pursuit algorithms, which iteratively and other higherorder consistency constraints, allows one exactly solve hard...

Low earth orbit mobile satellite system (LEO-MSS) is the major to provide communication support for terminals beyond coverage of terrestrial systems. However, quick movement LEO satellites and current single-layer architecture impose restrictions on capability satisfactory service quality, especially remote non-land regions with high traffic requirement. To tackle this problem, high-altitude platforms (HAPs) relays (TRs) are introduced cover hot-spot regions, becomes an LEO-HAP multi-layer...

Low earth orbit mobile satellite system (LEO-MSS) is the major to provide communication support for regions beyond coverage of terrestrial network systems. However, passive handover happens frequently caused by quick movement LEO satellites in LEO-MSS. It not only causes waste radio resource, but also makes it hard guarantee quality service (QoS), especially user groups hot-spot regions. To tackle this problem, we propose an extensible multi-layer architecture reduce rate, group rate...

Traditional low earth orbit mobile satellite systems (LEO-MSSs) cannot satisfy the demands of huge capacity in ultra-dense regions. In addition, due to frequent passive group handover caused by high speed movement LEO satellites, quality service (QoS) can hardly be satisfied. this paper, we propose an extensible multi-layer architecture model based on traditional LEO-MSSs solve these problems. proposed architecture, introduce high-altitude platforms (HAPs) and terrestrial relays (TRs) cover...

Satellite mobile system and space-air- ground integrated network have a prominent superiority in global coverage which plays critical role remote non-land regions, as well emergency communications. However, due to the gradual angle attenuations of satellite antennas, it is difficult achieve full frequency multiplex among different beams terrestrial 5G network. Multi-color reuse widely adopted both academic industry. Beam hopping scheme has attracted attention researchers recently allocation...

As an important supplement facilities for traditional low earth orbit mobile satellite systems (LEO-MSSs), especially in hot-spot regions, high-altitude platforms (HAPs) have been widely concerned by researchers recent years. To reduce the additional spectrum cost, sensing and sharing LEO-HAP cognitive system deserve to be studied. In this paper, we study problem first time focus on imperfect estimation before allocating resource. We propose a dynamic power allocation strategy maximize...

High altitude platform (HAP) is an important supplement facility for low earth orbit mobile satellite system (LEO-MSS) to increase the capacity in hot-spot regions beyond coverage of terrestrial networks. Because large propagation delay and frequent passive handover caused by quick movement LEO satelliets, protocols strategies should be studied improved. In this paper, we design different procedures suitable LEO-HAP based on 5G protocol analyze performance signalling cost. And propose a...

As a supplement of mobile communication in Fifth generation networks (5G), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are playing an important role user coverage. When base stations (BSs) not able to serve all users hot spots, deployable UAVs required mitigate the burden BSs and maximize access number users. Besides, thanks controllable mobility, can provide better coverage for with high velocity or fixed direction. Therefore, it is solve problem trajectory planing multiple UAVs. In this paper, we...

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks play a major role to provide communication support for the regions beyond coverage of terrestrial network systems. The positions gateway stations have influence on time delay, power consumption and throughput LEO networks, making it important deploy at best position. Aiming minimizing inter-satellite hop count, we are first study deployment problem stations. is formulated as non-convex optimization problem. According characteristics problem, propose...

Reflective cracking is a common distress in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay. A test method that can provide comprehensive information about reflective thus needed. In this study, an apparatus named Joint Motion Simulation System (JMSS) was developed, which consists of two hydraulic servo-systems and temperature chamber. newly developed (NRCTM) based on JMSS proposed, applicable for airport pavement. This considers the influences both traffic thermal loads under controlled conditions....

As the development of wireless communication system, high altitude platform(HAP) plays an important role in forwarding signal stratosphere and Ka-band attracts more attention because larger transmission bandwidth. However, ka-band is sensitive to troposphere weathers. For based HAP considering scenario where user moves over a large area for long time, multi-states statistical channel model affected by weathers ground environment proposed this paper. Assuming that terrestrial terminal three...

In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) has become one the most important technologies in academia and industry. However, many application scenarios, smart devices are distributed over a remote area without terrestrial communication systems. Considering power is limited, it infeasible for access networks to effectively receive data devices. Therefore, as supplement networks, Space-Air-Ground critical Remote (IoRT). this paper, we use high-altitude platforms (HAPs) assist transmission from...

In low earth orbit mobile satellite systems (LEOMSSs), challenges are formidable in resource management because of frequent passive handover caused by quick movement LEO satellites. this paper, we concentrate on the radio optimization problem multi-service LEO-MSSs downlink. With positioning technique and benefits regular orbits, propose a novel dynamic allocation method based forecast. Besides, construct gain function to describe characters multi-beam joint (MJRA) scheme for first time,...

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has the advantage of increasing throughput and number users than conventional orthogonal (OMA), which been paid a lot attention in multi-beam Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite system. Power allocation is an indispensable step NOMA system, closely related to throughput. Aiming at maximizing downlink LEO power formulated as non-convex optimization problem. According characteristics problem, we propose two heuristic algorithms based on genetic algorithm (GA)...

In a relay satellite system, low earth orbit (LEO) satellites are the users of geosynchronous (GEO) satellite, and each highly dynamic GEO-LEO link has different Doppler shift due to movement LEO satellites, which causes serious inter-resource-block(RB) interference leads significant degradation capacity. this paper, reduce interRB caused by maximize uplink capacity, we derive mathematical formulae describe inter-RB with fixed propose resource allocation approach. The problem is formulated...