A blast furnace is modeled as a counter-current bed reactor filled with solid particles of coke and ore where the gas flows upward through porous media while material moves slowly in direction flow. An axi-symmetric two-dimensional steady state model proposed to simulate flow, thermo-chemical reactions heat transfer process are considered. It assumed that two phases exist furnace. The charged treated constructed by alternative layers, which have different permeability. internal flow governed...

The iron ore sintering was characterized as a relatively uniform process of solid material, coke combustion, various modes heat transfer, and the complicated physical changes particles. bed modeled an unsteady one-dimensional materials with multiple phases, which confers phase on each kind material. Each had specific particle size compositions. Drying, condensation, limestone decomposition, generation macroscopic internal pore shrinking were considered. Complicated transfer including...

A pulverized solid fuel particle in a hot gas stream appears to have different characteristic behaviors at several stages, including heat-up, release of volatile matter, phase, and combustion. The characteristics these stages may vary distinctly depending on devolatilization rate, the temperature history, its chemical physical properties. Biomass particles manifest combustion behavior from that burning coal under same conditions because they contain more volatiles (less fixed carbon),...

Coughing is a typical symptom of COVID-19. To detect and localize coughing sounds remotely, convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning model was developed in this work integrated with sound camera for the visualization cough sounds. The detection binary classifier which input two second acoustic feature output one inferences (Cough or Others). Data augmentation performed on collected audio files to alleviate class imbalance reflect various background noises practical...

The current issues of sintering technology in the iron and steel making industry are how to increase productivity process maintain proper quality sintered ore. In conventional bed, combustion solid fuel supplies heat required for while it generates imbalance concentration bed. unevenly distributed is considered be problematic on aspect Therefore, order maximize production rate products, an investigation improved operational mode indispensable. this study, effect additional oxygen supply with...

This paper summarizes an engineering approach taken for 10 commercial MSW incinerators to formulate a basis PCDD/F emission reduction schemes and interpret the measurement results before after plant modifications of moderate scale. Control strategy from operating can be established on interpretation reliable measurements as well understanding formation/destruction processes. The fate is known influenced by flue gas subprocesses: initial formation/oxidation in combustion chamber, reformation...

One of the recent areas progress for better energy utilisation in iron ore sintering process is distribution pattern fuel inside a macroparticle, which formed with fine particles ore, coke and limestone. Operational parameters large scale industrial facilities, such as plant, are commonly selected through series elaborate tests. The results field experience improvement introduced, theoretical modelling study proposed to supplement experimental based approach fundamental physics arguments,...

Authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided for this work by Korean Ministry of Industry and Energy under scheme Enterprise Next Generation Vehicle Technology.

As issues of productivity, quality control, energy efficiency and environmental regulation become ever more important in the iron ore sintering process, controlling combustion inside sinter bed is attracting renewed interest terms flue gas recirculation (FGR) oxygen or gaseous fuel enriched combustion. The application control schemes inevitably brings changes to incoming outgoing conditions as well plant configuration. objective this study build a process model using flowsheet simulator...

Flue gas recirculation (FGR) has been incorporated into the sintering process with aim of improving productivity while fulfilling tightened environmental regulations. The incorporation FGR inevitably requires changes in equipment as well incoming and outgoing conditions such temperature, composition flowrate. These may affect not only reactions bed but also factors related to design operation plant, which checking possible effects on over entire bed. modelling approach proposed this study...

Abstract Combustion control strategies to minimize the pollutants emission from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators are formulated based on improved mixing of air with products incomplete combustion and subsequent increase in oxidative destruction. Secondary injection into chamber plays key role this process. However, design variables jet gas stream not clearly identified, performance reaction is fully understood. Three-dimensional flow simulation was performed study a full-scale...