Understanding the surface hydration of nonfouling materials such as zwitterionic polymers and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) aids in design new effective materials. Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful technique used to probe water structures at solid/liquid interfaces. However, SFG signals H2O consisting symmetric asymmetric stretches Fermi resonance overlap heavily, which complicates interpretation spectra leads controversy. In this work, isotopically diluted...

Abruptly autofocusing vortex beams were proposed for a variety of applications such as optical manipulation, but their quantitative characterization trapping capability remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we propose type named multi-Airy (MAVBs) and investigate characteristics theoretically experimentally. It is found that the performance ability MAVBs can be enhanced by adjusting relevant parameters increasing number superposed Airy within certain range. Although force stiffness...

In urban ecological development, the effective planning and design of living spaces are crucial. Traditional color plan rendering methods, mainly using generative adversarial networks (GANs), rely heavily on edge extraction. This often leads to loss important details from hand-drawn drafts, significantly affecting portrayal designer’s key concepts. issue is especially critical in complex park planning. To address this, our study introduces a system based conditional GANs. rapidly converts...

This manuscript describes the experience of two institutions in commissioning new HalcyonTM platform. Its purpose is to: (a) validate pre-defined beam data, (b) compare relevant data acquired independently by separate institutions, and (c) report on any significant differences between Halcyon linear accelerator other medical accelerators.Extensive measurements, testing mechanical imaging systems, including multi-leaf collimator (MLC), were performed at independently. The results compared...

A newly developed GafchromicTM EBT4 film model was released recently. According to the vendor-stated specifications, this new maintains major features of its more recent predecessor, EBT3, but has a great improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The purpose study fully characterize by testing dose response dependence on beam energy using clinical photon and electron beams validating SNR. In experiments, 6 MV 15 beams, MeV, 12 MeV 20 120 kVp two 250 x-ray (with different half-layer values)...

The Madison plasma dynamo experiment (MPDX) is a novel, versatile, basic research device designed to investigate flow driven magnetohydrodynamic instabilities and other high-β phenomena with astrophysically relevant parameters. A 3 m diameter vacuum vessel lined 36 rings of alternately oriented 4000 G samarium cobalt magnets, which create an axisymmetric multicusp that contains ∼14 m3 nearly magnetic field free well confined highly ionized (>50%). At present, 8 lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)...

To evaluate the ability of machine performance check (MPC) on Halcyon to detect errors, with comparison TrueBeam.MPC is an automated set quality assurance (QA) tests that use a phantom placed couch and linac's imaging system(s) verify beam constancy mechanical TrueBeam linacs. In order tests, we inserted solid water slabs between source megavoltage imager simulate changes in output, flatness, symmetry. The MPC results were compared measurements, using two-dimensional array under same...

Using a new linear accelerator with high dose rate (800 MU/min), fast MLC motions (5.0 cm/s), gantry rotation (15 s/rotation), and 1 cm wide MLCs, we aimed to quantify the effects of complexity, arc number, fractionation on interplay for breast lung treatments under target motion.To study interplay, eight VMAT plans (1-6 arcs) four-nine-field sliding-window IMRT varying in complexity were created. For plans, four-four-field Halcyon 1.0 accelerator, each plan was delivered five times...

The aim of this study was to measure and compare the mega-voltage imaging dose from Halcyon medical linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems) with measured doses calculated by Eclipse treatment planning system.An anthropomorphic thorax phantom imaged using all techniques available linac - MV cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT) orthogonal anterior-posterior/lateral pairs (MV-MV), both high-quality low-dose modes. In total, 54 technique, isocenter position, field size combinations were...

We tested whether an ionization chamber array (ICA) and a one-dimensional water scanner (1DS) could be used instead of three-dimensional scanning system (3DWS) for acceptance testing commissioning verification the Varian Halcyon-Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS). The Halcyon linear accelerator has single 6-MV flattening-filter-free beam nonadjustable model TPS. Beam data were measured with 1DS, ICA, chambers, electrometer. Acceptance done simultaneously by comparing TPS-calculated...

UV‐ranged micro‐LEDs are being explored for numerous applications due to their high stability and power efficiency. However, previous reports have shown reduced external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased leakage current the increase in surface‐to‐volume ratio with a decrease micro‐LED size. Herein, size‐related performance UV‐A micro‐LEDs, ranging from 8 × 100 μm 2 , is studied. These devices exhibit implementation of atomic layer deposition‐based sidewall passivation. A systematic EQE...

Abstract This paper demonstrates low-resistance and high-transparency p-type contact materials for ultraviolet (UV) micro-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at 365 nm. As a commonly used LED contact, indium tin oxide (ITO) nickel/ITO (Ni/ITO) contacts were studied before after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatments. The transmittance nm wavelength of 200 thick ITO films increased from approximately 57%–90% RTA temperature exceeding 400 °C, while the Ni/ITO film had about 73% annealing....

ScAlMgO4 (SAM) is a promising substrate material for group III-nitride semiconductors. SAM has lower lattice mismatch with materials compared to conventionally used sapphire (Al2O3) and silicon substrates. Bulk the issues of high cost lack large area Utilizing solid-phase epitaxy transform an amorphous on into crystalline form cost-efficient scalable approach. Amorphous layers were deposited 0001-oriented Al2O3 by sputtering crystallized annealing at temperature greater than 850 °C....

We investigated the dose deviation related to geometric distortion and gradient on magnetic resonance-only treatment planning for intensity-modulated radiation therapy proton therapy. The residual of two different resonance imaging (MRI) sequences (A) (B) was applied in computed tomography image structure set each patient through a polynomial MRI model simulate MRI-based planning. A 3D histogram generated specify relationship gradient. When (Gd ) approached zero, maximum reached 1.64% 2.71%...

The monitoring of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is desirable in the diagnosis and treatment patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) or hydrocephalus, for it can provide an insight into mechanism head injury. Therefore we developed a novel miniature diaphragm-based Fabry-Perot (F-P) sensor ICP measurement. presented exhibits linear response to applied over range 0~25 kPa, with sensitivity 39.2 nm/kPa resolution 0.13 kPa. In addition, offered two kinds packaging methods....

Abstract The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is a significant parameter for scientific studies of the ionosphere and space weather. Ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station network provides an opportunity modeling TEC with high accuracy. Based on global maps, by using data from International GNSS Service (IGS) stations 21 years (from 1998 to 2018), we establish climate index (ICI) representing general state ionosphere. In addition, build multiple linear...

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the many-body localization properties of one-dimensional Ising spin-1 chains by using methods exact matrix diagonalization. We compare it with MBL spin-1/2 chains. The results indicate that can also undergo phase transition. There are various forms disorder, and effects different quasi-disorder random disorder on in paper. First, calculate exctied-state fidelity to study transtion. By changing form quasi-disorder, transition system them those...

The study of open cluster morphology is pivotal for exploring their formation and evolutionary processes. We manage to assess the morphological stability 105 nearby clusters within tidal radii on X-Y, X-Z, Y-Z planes heliocentric Cartesian coordinate system, utilizing member catalogs from literature. Meanwhile, we also delve into factors potentially impacting clusters' these projection planes. used rose diagram method by constructing 3D projected sample quantify morphology. Our analysis...

Context. The study of open cluster morphology is pivotal for exploring their formation and evolutionary processes. Aims. We manage to assess the morphological stability 105 nearby clusters within tidal radii on X-Y, X-Z, Y-Z planes heliocentric Cartesian coordinate system, utilizing member catalogs from literature. Meanwhile, we also delve into factors potentially impacting clusters' these projection planes. Methods. used rose diagram method by constructing 3D projected sample quantify...

ABSTRACT Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of phospholipid‐dependent serine/threonine kinases, is not only the major intracellular receptor for mouse skin tumor promoter 12‐ O ‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) but also activated by variety stress factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). PKCɛ among six isoforms (α, δ, ɛ, η, μ and ζ) expressed in skin. To determine vivo functional specificity carcinogenesis, we generated transgenic (FVB/N) lines 224 215 that overexpress protein...

In this work, we present an InGaN/GaN/AlGaN active region design for high-efficiency UV LED grown by MOCVD. The use of the GaN layer allows AlGaN to be in optimized conditions which will enhance overall crystal quality and device performance. structure showed improvement internal quantum efficiency (IQE) simulation comparison with conventional InGaN/AlGaN structure, 15% 14% at operating current density 20 30 A/cm2, respectively. IQE advantage remains more than 10% range from 0 100 A/cm2 due...