Based on the data analysis of 1000 hPa wind, SST and SSH anomalies, it is revealed that atmospheric variations associated with Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD, or referred as Zonal Mode, IOZDM) consist a pair anticyclones closely north south equator accompanying intense equatorial easterly while related to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) include strong anticyclone in southeastern tropical (TIO) at higher latitudes along‐shore wind anomalies near Java‐Sumatra coast. The different forcing...

Abstract The response of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode to global warming is investigated based on simulations from phase 5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In increased greenhouse gases, an IOD-like pattern appears in equatorial Ocean, with reduced (enhanced) east (west), easterly wind trend, and thermocline shoaling east. Despite a strengthened feedback eastern interannual variance IOD remains largely unchanged sea surface temperature (SST) as atmospheric zonal weaken...

Abstract The present study investigates interdecadal modulations of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on climate northwest Pacific (NWP) and East Asia (EA) in early boreal summer following a winter ENSO event, based 19 simulations from phase 5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In historical run, 8 out models capture realistic relationship between NWP climate—an anomalous anticyclone develops over Niño event—and this correlation. During periods when association is...

Abstract This study evaluates the simulation of Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) mode and relevant physical processes in models from phase 5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Historical runs 20 CMIP5 are available for analysis. They reproduce IOB its close relationship to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Half capture key processes: a downwelling oceanic Rossby wave southern tropical (TIO) precedes development boreal fall triggers an antisymmetric wind anomaly pattern across equator...

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a prominent mode of ocean-atmosphere interannual variability with great climate and socioeconomic impacts. Early positive IOD (pIOD), newly discovered type pIOD, induces pronounced rainfall anomalies in boreal summer more than canonical pIOD. It also contributes to frequent consecutive pIODs, causing devastating droughts floods. How early pIOD responds global warming remains unknown. Here, we show that has increased substantially the past decades, reaching...

Abstract The present study examines the interdecadal variability in lagged relationship between Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) and central Pacific (CP) ENSO events recent decades via observational data phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) model data. It is found that teleconnection winter-to-spring IOB CP a year later has changed since 2000. Prior to 2000, warming (cooling) triggered La Niña (El Niño) through wind anomalies over Indo-Pacific. However, interbasin connection...

The Indian Ocean witnessed a weak positive dipole (IOD) event from the boreal summer to autumn in 2015, while an extreme El Niño occurred over tropical Pacific. This was different case 1997/98, when and strongest IOD took place simultaneously. analysis here suggests that unique sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) pattern of 2015 might have contributed year. had complex SSTA pattern, with warming central eastern Such combination classic (also known as cold-tongue Niño) recently identified...

Abstract In August 2022, Pakistan experienced an unprecedented precipitation event that caused significant damage. Analysis of the observations reveals this extreme rainfall is primarily driven by anomalous atmospheric zonal advection, resulting in water vapor concentration Pakistan. The climatological meridional advection also contributes to flooding. Anomalous easterly winds and low-level vertical convection combine be critical factors contributing moisture over country. Further...

Abstract In-situ measurement of the upper ocean velocity discloses significant abnormal behaviors two Wyrtki Jets (WJs) respectively in boreal spring and fall, over tropical Indian Ocean 2013. The WJs both occurred within 130 m depth persisted more than one month. exceptional jet May was unusually stronger its counterpart which is clearly against previous understanding. Furthermore, fall WJ 2013 unexpectedly peaked December, month later climatology. Data analysis numerical experiments...

Since the mainstream of Yangtze River lower reach is an important drinking water source for residents alongside it, it essential to investigate concentration, distribution characteristics and health risks heavy metals in water. In this study, a total 110 samples were collected on both left right banks from upstream downstream. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used determine sources metals. Their non-carcinogenic carcinogenic studied with risk assessment models, uncertainties determined...

Abstract A significant sea surface temperature (SST) drop was clearly identified to be confined exactly over the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) from satellite‐derived SSTs during Typhoon Muifa's passage (YS) in early August 2011. With a simple one‐dimensional mixed‐layer model (Price‐Weller‐Pinkel [PWP]), heat budget diagnosis concluded that entrainment term, rather than flux term usually dominates open ocean, dominant process for SST cooling YSCWM. The PWP‐based experiments were...

Abstract The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) often causes the onset of Indonesian–Australian summer monsoon (IASM) over Indonesia and northern Australia. In present study, a composite analysis is conducted to reveal detailed IASM process its air–sea interactions associated with first-branch eastward-propagating MJO (FEMJO) based on 30-yr ERA-Interim data, satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), SODA3 ocean reanalysis. results distinctly illustrate...

Arsenic poses a danger to environmental health, and arsenic-rich groundwater is key exposure risk for humans. The distribution, migration, enrichment of arsenic in an important public health problem. Currently, the Huaihe River Basin identified as region China. This study aims assess potential pollution risk, analyze hydrogeochemical processes, trace ion source based on analysis data. results show that main inorganic chemical substances affecting water quality area, which presents high...

Abstract This article uses an atmospheric general circulation model to show that the cooler North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies in summer can produce a Rossby wave‐like teleconnection pattern strengthening Siberian High winter and next spring. The stronger enhances continent northerlies over East Asia associated cyclonic western Pacific, which provides tropical westerly background for occurrence of wind bursts. also induce frequent cold surges, tend equatorial Pacific initiating...

Abstract Remarkable interannual variability in the thermocline depth southern tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) is analyzed using reanalysis data during 1980–2017. Previous studies have shown that El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a significant relationship with anomalies this region. We find both eastern‐Pacific (EP) and central‐Pacific (CP) ENSO important impacts on STIO variation. The positive negative phases of are induced by asymmetric forcings from two ENSO. EP‐El Niño CP‐La Niña...

As the upstream region of Asian summer monsoon, Bay Bengal monsoon (BOBSM) system has impacts on rainfall patterns in East Asia. In this study, we investigate impact interannual variability BOBSM retreat China precipitation early (June) following year. When occurs earlier previous year, find enhanced both northeastern and eastern parts China. Conversely, when is delayed there a tendency for decreased most China, while northern part Taiwan island tends to increase. Statistical analysis...

Abstract The Bay of Bengal summer monsoon (BOBSM) is the most prominent branch Asian system, which exhibits complex interannual variability. While previous studies have focused on onset conditions BOBSM, less attention has been paid to retreat BOBSM. In this study, we propose an index measure BOBSM retreat, based mean zonal wind field at 850 hPa during summer‐to‐winter transitions. By analyzing climatic characteristics and variability using index, find that significant variability, closely...