A5019102410- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Social Policy and Reform Studies
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Climate variability and models
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Space exploration and regulation
- Radiative Heat Transfer Studies
- Economic Growth and Productivity
- Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
- Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
University of Salford
2022-2025
University of Bath
2020-2023
Langley Research Center
2003-2022
Texas A&M University – Commerce
2016
University of Auckland
2010
Science Applications International Corporation (United States)
2002-2003
Trinity University
2003
Leidos (United States)
2003
Analytical Services & Materials (United States)
2002
System Planning Corporation (United States)
1988
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Clouds the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Project was designed to improve our understanding of relationship between clouds solar longwave radiation. This is achieved using satellite broad-band instruments map top-of-atmosphere radiation fields with coincident data from narrow-band imagers employed retrieve properties associated those fields. paper documents CERES Edition-2 cloud property retrieval system used analyze Tropical...
Abstract The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on board Terra Aqua spacecraft continue to provide an unprecedented global climate record of earth’s top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy budget since March 2000. A critical step in determining accurate daily averaged flux involves estimating between CERES or overpass times. employs CERES-only (CO) geostationary (CG) temporal interpolation methods. CO method assumes that cloud properties at time observation remain...
There has been a long history of unexplained anomalous absorption solar radiation by clouds. Collocated satellite and surface measurements at five geographically diverse locations showed significant clouds, resulting in about 25 watts per square meter more global-mean the cloudy atmosphere than predicted theoretical models. It often suggested that tropospheric aerosols could increase cloud absorption. But these are temporally spatially heterogeneous, whereas observed is remarkably invariant...
The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission will provide a calibration laboratory in orbit for the purpose of accurately measuring attributing climate change. CLARREO measurements establish new change benchmarks with high absolute radiometric accuracy statistical confidence across wide range essential variables. CLARREO's inherently be verified traceable on to Système Internationale (SI) units. established by critical assessing changes Earth system model...
Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) investigates critical role that clouds aerosols play in modulating radiative energy flow within Earth–atmosphere system. CERES builds upon foundation laid by previous missions, such as Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, to provide highly accurate top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes together with coincident cloud aerosol properties inferred from high-resolution imager measurements. This paper describes method used construct empirical angular...
The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) is part of NASA's Earth Observing (EOS), CERES objectives include following. (1) For climate change analysis, provide a continuation Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) record radiative fluxes at top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA), analyzed using same techniques as existing ERBE data. (2) Double accuracy estimates TOA surface. (3) Provide first long-term global within atmosphere. (4) cloud property collocated in space time that are consistent...
The interpretation of satellite-observed radiances to derive cloud optical depth and effective particle size requires radiative transfer calculations relating these parameters the reflectance, transmittance, emittance cloud. Such computations can be extremely time consuming when used in an operational mode analyze routine satellite data. Adding–doubling (AD) models are here compute reflectance at wavelengths commonly by meteorological imagers for droplet radii ranging from 2 32 μm...
Objective techniques have been developed to consistently identify cloudy pixels over nonpolar regions in multispectral imager data coincident with measurements taken by the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Terra, Aqua satellites. The daytime method uses 0.65-, 3.8-, 10.8-, 12.0-mum channels TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) Terra MODIS. VIRS 1.6-mum channel 1.38- 2.1-mum are used secondarily. primary nighttime radiances from...
Cloud parameters derived from visible and infrared window data the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) are compared to corresponding properties determined instrumentation on San Nicolas Island off coast of California during First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) marine stratocumulus intensive field observations period in July 1987. Mean cloud amounts by applying hybrid bispectral threshold method GOES were 5% less than island ceilometer measurements. Examination...
Three contrail systems were analyzed with geostationary satellite data to document the conversion of contrails cirrus clouds. Two unique contrails, a pair figure eights and NASA DC‐8 oval, tracked for more than 7 hours. A cluster from commercial aircraft lasted over 17 The produced cloud having maximum extent 12,000 km²; reached an area ∼35,000 km². contrail‐cirrus thin optical depths between 0.2 0.5. In all cases, particle size increased as developed into climatic impact will be greater...
Observational data regarding the properties of cirrus clouds are needed to aid in development accurate, physically based parameterizations climate models. The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program, sponsored by U.S. Department Energy, is providing continuous observations with a suite instrumentation at several locales. In this paper, we describe an algorithm derive microphysical optically thin clouds. This uses radar reflectivity and infrared emission spectra from interferometer...
A methodology is developed to apply a parameterization of radiative transfer calculations satellite analyses cirrus clouds. Cloud heights and optical depths are derived from visible infrared window measurements taken during the First ISCCP (International Satellite Climatology Project) Regional Experiment (FIRE) when clouds were present. Geostationary retrievals compared lidar-derived cloud polar-orbiting at different angles determine which theoretical models scattering phase function...
The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) is a NASA multisatellite measurement program for monitoring radiation environment of earth–atmosphere system. CERES instrument was flown on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite in late 1997, will be Earth Observing morning 1998 afternoon 2000. To minimize temporal sampling errors associated with measurements, two methods have been developed temporally interpolating earth budget measurements to compute averages...
Operational meteorological satellites generally lack reliable onboard calibration systems for solar-imaging channels. Current methods calibrating these channels and normalizing similar on contemporaneous satellite imagers typically rely a poorly calibrated reference source. To establish more instrument normalization, this paper examines the use of research that maintain their solar-channel calibrations by using diffuser sun as an absolute reference. The Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS)...
ABSTRACT Programme‐level data suggest that increasing numbers of claimants are subject to work‐related behavioural requirements in countries like the United Kingdom. Likewise, academic qualitative research has suggested conditionality is pervasive within benefits system, and often felt be unreasonable. However, there little quantitative evidence on extent or experience from claimants' perspectives. We fill this gap by drawing a purpose‐collected survey UK benefit ( n = 3801). find stated...
Programme-level data suggests that increasing numbers of claimants are subject to work-related behavioural requirements in countries like the UK. Likewise, academic qualitative research has suggested conditionality is pervasive within benefits system, and often felt be unreasonable. However, there little quantitative evidence on extent or experience from claimants’ perspectives. We fill this gap drawing a purpose-collected survey UK benefit (n=3,801). find stated application was evident for...
Clouds cool the climate system by reflecting shortwave radiation and warm it increasing atmospheric greenhouse. Previous studies have shown that in tropical regions of deep convection there is a near cancellation between cloud-induced cooling longwave warming. The present study investigates possible influence 1998 El Niño upon this for western Pacific's pool; was accomplished employing satellite radiometric measurements (Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, Earth's Radiant Energy System). With...
Remote sensing of surface properties and estimation clear-sky albedo generally assume that the depends only on solar zenith angle. The effects dew, frost, precipitation as well evaporation wind can lead to some systematic diurnal variability resulting in an asymmetric cycle albedo. This paper examines symmetry both surface-observed top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) albedos derived from satellite data. Broadband were measured at Department Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program...
An objective method is developed to monitor the stability of spaceborne instruments, aimed at distinguishing climate trend from instrument drift in satellite-based observation records. This based on four-years Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) broadband observations deep convective cloud systems with cloud-top temperature lower than 205 K large optical depths. The implementation this CERES analysis reveals that monthly albedo distributions are practically same for clouds...
The micro- and macrophysical properties of clouds play a crucial role in Earth's radiation budget. NASA Clouds Radiant Energy System (CERES) is providing simultaneous measurements the cloud fields on global basis to improve understanding modeling interaction between at top atmosphere, surface, within atmosphere. Cloud derived for CERES from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) <i>Terra</i> <i>Aqua</i> satellites are compared ensure consistency products reliability retrievals...
A microwave (MW) method for deriving cloud liquid water path (LWP) and temperature (Tw) is validated by using soundings results from a visible (VIS) infrared (IR) retrieval method. The two methods are combined into single technique, MVI (microwave, visible, infrared), to estimate the frequency of multilayered clouds effective droplet radius r e in clouds. These techniques were applied Meteosat special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) data taken during June 1–28, 1992, over Atlantic...
The Interagency Working Group Memo on the social cost of carbon is used to compute value information (VOI) climate observing systems. A generic decision context posited in which society switches from a business as usual (BAU) emissions path reduced upon achieving sufficient confidence that trigger variable exceeds stipulated critical value. Using assessments natural variability and uncertainty measuring instruments, it possible time at required would be reached under current new system, if...
The implementation of the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission was recommended by National Research Council in 2007 to provide an on-orbit intercalibration standard with accuracy 0.3% <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$(k = 2)$</tex-math></inline-formula> for relevant Earth observing sensors. goal reference intercalibration, as established Decadal Survey, is...