Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation protocols have generated insulin-producing cells resembling pancreatic β cells. While these cell-derived (SC-β) are capable of undergoing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), per remains low compared with islets and lack dynamic release. Herein, we report a strategy focused on modulating transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling, controlling cellular cluster size, using an enriched serum-free media to generate...

Impaired macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in experimental and human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanism underlying autophagy dysregulation NASH is largely unknown. Here, we investigated role of TXNIP/VDUP1 (thioredoxin interacting protein), a key mediator cellular stress responses, pathogenesis NASH. Hepatic TXNIP expression was upregulated fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice, as well palmitic acid...

The results of this study reveal for the first time that acute oral intake mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ, 80 mg) is effective improving vascular endothelial function and superoxide dismutase in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Acute MitoQ also maximal walking capacity delaying onset claudication PAD. These findings suggest MitoQ-mediated improvements mitochondria play a pivotal role function, redox environment, skeletal muscle performance

Quantitative characterization of the intracellular water (1)H MR signal from cultured cells will provide critical biophysical insight into tissues in vivo. Microbeads a robust immobilization substrate for many mammalian cell lines that adhere to surfaces and also sufficient density observation signal. However, selective perfused, microbead-adherent requires highly effective suppression extracellular We describe how high-velocity perfusion results short apparent longitudinal transverse...

Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) differentiated into insulin-producing β is a regenerative medicine approach being investigated for diabetes cell replacement therapy. This report presents multifaceted transplantation strategy that combines differentiation cell-derived (SC-β) with 3D printing. By modulating the parameters low-cost printer, we created macroporous device composed polylactic acid (PLA) houses SC-β clusters within degradable fibrin gel. Using finite element...

Quisqualis indica (QI) has been used for treating disorders such as stomach pain, constipation, and digestion problem. This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of QI extract on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line a testosterone-induced BPH rat model. cells were treated with plus testosterone propionate (TP), androgen receptor (AR) specific antigen (PSA) expression levels assessed by Western blotting. To induce BPH, rats subjected daily...

The (1)H MR signal arising from flowing extracellular media in a perfused, microbead-adherent cultured cell system can be suppressed with slice-selective, spin-echo pulse sequence. intracellular water can, thus, selectively monitored. Herein, this technique was combined pulsed field gradients (PFGs) to quantify diffusion HeLa cells. diffusion-signal attenuation at various times well described by biophysical model that characterizes the incoherent displacement of as truncated Gaussian...

Although systemic sex-specific differences in cardiovascular responses to exercise are well established, the comparison of cerebrovascular has gone under-investigated especially, during high intensity exercise. Therefore, our purpose was compare males and females throughout a graded test (GXT). Twenty-six participants (13 Females 13 Males, 24 ± 4 yrs.) completed GXT on recumbent cycle ergometer consisting 3-min stages. Each sex 50W, 75W, 100W Thereafter, power output increased 30W/stage for...

Objective To investigate the correlation between bladder wall thickness (BWT) measured by ultrasonography and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in patients with symptoms (LUTS). Methods Forty-eight women LUTS who underwent urodynamic study BWT as outpatients were studied. We assessed during a medical examination interview. The thinnest part of was transabdominal ultrasonography. excluded had visited another hospital previously because we did not know what treatment they received,...

Objectives: Biomarkers in urine are important assessing exposures to environmental or occupational chemicals and for evaluateing renal function by exposure from these chemicals. Spot samples needed adjust the concentration of biomarkers variations dilution. This study was conducted evaluate suitability adjusting urinary cadmium (uCd) arsenic (uAs) specific gravity (SG) creatinine (uCr). Methods: We measured concentrations blood (bCd), uCd, uAs, uCr, SG...

The paper develops a class of priors that leads to equivalent posterior inference for odds ratio parameters based on prospective and retrospective models categorical response data. results are applicable both unmatched matched case‐control studies. hold general link functions response. proposed method can accommodate multiple possibly ordered disease states. applied the analysis discrete subtypes in an ongoing study colorectal cancer. A simulation illustrates need carefully considering prior...

Melatonin receptors have been found in the cerebrovasculature animal models, and melatonin has shown to improve systemic vascular control. While there is a correlation between low production cardiovascular disease, effect of acute supplementation on cerebrovasculature, more specifically, cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), unknown. PURPOSE: To determine if alters CVR via CO 2 rebreathing healthy, young adults. Methods: 14 healthy adults (Age 23.7±4.39, 7 females tested during first 5 days...

Sex differences in functional sympatholysis have provided conflicting results, both animal and human models. Further, investigations into underlying mechanisms between the sexes are largely unexplored. PURPOSE: To investigate if differs biological to explore whether CYP450 inhibition alters sexes. METHODS: Healthy males (n=12, 21±2 years) females 23±3 years, tested early follicular phase) participated three study visits (2 experimental). 120min prior experimental testing, a placebo (PLA, 250...

In humans exercise hyperemia is adequately maintained despite elevated sympathetic outflow through an endothelium dependent, yet nitric oxide and prostaglandin independent mechanism(s) known as functional sympatholysis. Evidence suggests that sympatholysis has endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-like component, however, investigations into hyperpolarization pathways, such as, cytochrome P450 2C9 are scant. PURPOSE: To determine if inhibition attenuates in healthy young adults. METHODS:...

Animal models suggest that cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP450) plays a critical role in the control of cerebral hemodynamics and autoregulation. However, this observation has not been directly examined humans PURPOSE: To determine contribution CYP450 to cerebrovascular healthy young individuals at rest during mild simulated hypovolemia. METHODS: 15 subjects (8 females, tested only early follicular phase) participated 1 familiarization 2 experimental visits. In visits, participants ingested either...