Abstract The worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression has drawn worldwide attention to America's subprime mortgage sector and its linkages with predatory exploitation in working‐class racially marginalized communities. During nearly two decades of expansion, agents capital fought regulation reform by (1) using doctrine risk‐based pricing equate innovation democratized access capital, (2) appealing cultural myths ‘American Dream’ homeownership, (3) dismissing well‐documented...

Abstract For many observers, the recession of early 1990s signaled end what Berry called islands renewal in seas decay. In past decade, however, shifts mortgage finance have intersected with developments assisted housing to alter links between gentrification and policy. this article, we use field observation, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data, HOPE VI plans analyze resurgence eight U.S. cities. Between 1992 1997, gentrified neighborhoods attracted conventional homepurchase capital at a rate...

Recent discussions of the ‘geography gentrification’ highlight need for comparative analysis nature and consequences inner-city transformation. In this paper, authors map effects housing-market policy changes in 1990s, focusing on 23 large cities USA. Using evidence from field surveys a mortgage-lending database, they measure class selectivity gentrification its relation to processes racial ethnic discrimination. They find strong resurgence capital investment urban core, along with magnified...

Empirical research on gentrification suffers from a dichotomy between richly detailed neighborhood case studies and macro-scale, census-based analyses, perpetuating uncertainty over the extent timing of gentrified areas in American cities. We develop model relating tract-level census statistics to results field survey 24 tracts Minneapolis-St. Paul. use stepwise canonical discriminant analysis select nine variables distinguishing neighborhoods classify all central-city for each decade 1960...

Socio-spatial differentiation and residential segregation have been studied extensively in numerous cities contributed significantly to the understanding of urban spatial social structures. Analyses diverse data sets at varied scales supported development theoretical frameworks. However, majority Chinese case studies published recent decades were dominantly based on either non-spatial or population census sub-district (or jiedao Chinese) level. These analyses limited through using...

In 2008, there will be at least 2.5 million new foreclosures in the United States. Record levels of mortgage delinquency, default, and foreclosure are causing widespread hardship cities suburbs across America, repeated destabilization global credit investment markets. this Forum, six housing specialists unravel complex connections between urban geography, subprime lending, foreclosure. Although a wide variety view-points represented, three common threads evident. First, tightly linked to lax...

:Recent criticisms of the coherence theories gentrification, potential for its continued expansion in 1990s, and methods assessing extent significance have cast doubt on utility further research subject. This paper presents an empirical analysis how gentrification altered socioeconomic profile inner areas four US cities between 1960 1990. Field surveys are conducted to delineate visible housing reinvestment Chicago, Milwaukee, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Washington, DC. Stepwise discriminant...

The debate between the proponents of rent gap hypothesis and Steven Bourassa concerning its internal consistency centres on role land use in capitalised rent. argues that is nonsensical because it determined part by which conflict with theory. paper explores determinants reviewing related research, issue scale implicit gap. Land can be at a minimum two scales resulting least different rents. This argument rectifies Bourassa's contentions, consistent theoretical foundations

Abstract For two generations, urbanists have analyzed how residential mortgage lending reflects and reinforces inner‐city inequality. Yet the basic dichotomies of this literature been eroded by parallel developments in community organizing, public policy, restructuring financial services. Securitization, institutional structure, increasingly sophisticated market segmentation altered relationship between capital inner city, redrawing patterns exclusionary redlining into more complicated,...

The rent gap theory has been a prominent explanation of gentrification for nearly two decades. It subject to much critique, but few empirical analyses. This research, based in Minneapolis, attempts an evaluation the hypothesis using land price data nine redeveloped parcels over span 130 years. While appears exist most parcels, simple one-to-one correspondence between and cannot be made because nature limitations data. There is evidence, however, that gaps may form not just declining areas,...

The US economic recovery of the 1990s accelerated amidst privatization, selective devolution and reinvention public sector itself. Simultaneously, mortgage finance assisted housing policy were recast in terms market processes, individual responsibility private home‐ownership, even as gentrification enjoyed a dramatic resurgence. intersection these seemingly unrelated processes signifies an important transformation American inner city. Nowhere are connections more explicit than Chicago, where...

Abstract This article presents an interpretive progress report on the neighborhood‐level effects of homeownership policy. The expansion targeted lending initiatives has created unprecedented opportunities for ownership among low‐ to moderate‐income (LMI) families, racial and ethnic minorities, other populations once excluded from nation's mainstream housing finance system. uses a two‐stage strategy provide more accurate efforts expand LMI homeownership. First, it home‐purchase data 40...

This paper analyzes the characteristics of foreclosure cases in Lucas C ounty, Ohio, from 2004 to 2008. We use a rich source secondary data track filings through legal process their ultimate result either loss home or dismissal case. supplement with interviews officials involved and discussion changes that have occurred during crisis. Our analysis suggests has accelerated slightly despite increase basic interventions substantially reduced number eventually home. Unexpectedly, results seem...

This article examines the effect of high foreclosure rates on postrecession lending. Our hypothesis is that neighborhood will have a significant and positive likelihood mortgage loan denial. In case study Toledo, Ohio, we explore role activity, race, racial disparities in lending practices how they differ across neighborhoods. results suggest applicants high-foreclosure neighborhoods greater denial (ceteris paribus). We also find minority face higher probability Overall, depict highly...

Abstract This article describes an exercise for college undergraduate and high school students which relates descriptive statistics measuring central tendency dispersion to the regional classification of climate. In are assigned a set mean monthly temperature precipitation 65 weather stations throughout conterminous United States. Mean annual their standard deviations computed each station. These used construct two scatter plots means both precipitation. Clusters points within plot then...