Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and elevated intracellular Ca2+ following cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury are key mediators of cell death the development hypertrophy. The L-type channel is main route for calcium influx in myocytes. Activation leads to a further increase mitochondrial ROS metabolism. We have previously shown that application peptide derived against alpha-interacting domain (AID) decreases myocardial post reperfusion. Herein, we examine efficacy...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. In recent studies, we have shown that experimental TBI caused an immediate (24-h post) suppression neuronal processing, especially in supragranular cortical layers. We now examine the long-term effects on sensory cortex and how these changes may contribute to range morbidities. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received either moderate lateral fluid percussion (n=14) or sham surgery (n=12) 12 weeks recovery before behavioral...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) from a blow to the head is often associated with complex patterns of abnormalities that accompany deficits in cognitive and motor function. Previously we reported long-term consequence TBI, induced closed-head method modelling human car sporting accidents, neuronal hyper-excitation rat sensory barrel cortex receives tactile input face whiskers. Hyper-excitation occurred only supra-granular layers was stronger than simple stimuli. We now examine changes immediate...

The consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) on neuronal functionality are only now being elucidated. We have examined the changes in sensory encoding whisker-recipient barrel cortex and tissue damage acute phase (24 h) after induction TBI (n=9), with sham controls receiving surgery (n=5). Injury was induced using lateral fluid percussion method, which causes a mixture focal diffuse injury. Both population single cell responses evoked by both simple complex whisker stimuli revealed...

Reduction in an RNA binding protein impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and alters cell signaling, resulting obesity.

purpose. Cytoskeleton proteins play a critical role in maintaining retinal ganglion cell structure, viability, and function. This study documents the distribution of cytoskeleton protein subunits various regions normal human optic nerve identifies important relationships among mitochondria, myelin, neurofilament proteins. methods. Twenty-three nerves from cadavers were used. Confocal microscopy was used to examine light, medium, heavy (phosphorylated unphosphorylated), only), actin,...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus is a fundamental process underlying learning and memory brain. At CA3-CA1 synapses, three discrete forms of LTP (LTP1, 2 3) have been differentiated on basis their persistence, maintenance mechanisms, Ca2+ signaling pathways, expression loci, electrophysiological requirements. We previously showed that LTP2 LTP3 involve presynaptic component established translation-dependent manner. Here we investigate locus translation required for expression....

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an important process underlying learning and memory in the brain. At CA3–CA1 synapses hippocampus, three discrete forms of LTP (LTP1, 2, 3) can be differentiated on basis maintenance induction mechanisms. However, relative roles pre- post-synaptic expression mechanisms LTP1, 3 are unknown. Neurotransmitter release was measured via FM 1–43 destaining from CA3 terminals hippocampal slices male Wistar rats (7–8 wk). No difference vesicle turnover rate observed...

We have previously demonstrated that traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces significant long-term neuronal hyperexcitability in supragranular layers of sensory cortex, coupled with persistent deficits. Hence, we aimed to investigate whether plasticity induced by environmental enrichment (EE) could attenuate abnormal and function post-TBI. TBI (n = 22) sham control 21) animals were randomly assigned housing either single or enriched conditions for 7-9 weeks. Then, terminal experiments,...

Genetic mutations in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are associated with development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterized by myocyte remodelling, disorganization cytoskeletal proteins and altered energy metabolism. The L-type Ca(2+) channel is the main route for calcium influx crucial to excitation contraction. also regulates mitochondrial function heart a functional communication between mitochondria via network. We find that kinetics cTnI-G203S myocytes activation causes significantly...

Progesterone (P4) has been suggested as a neuroprotective agent for traumatic brain injury (TBI) because it ameliorates many post-TBI sequelae. We examined the effects of P4 treatment on short-term (4 days post-TBI) and long-term (8 weeks aftermath neuronal processing in rodent sensory cortex impact acceleration-induced diffuse TBI. have previously reported that cortex, TBI induces hypoexcitation is greatest supragranular layers decreases with depth, but hyperexcitation exclusive to layers....

Eight humans participated in a two‐choice signal‐detection task which stimulus disparity was varied over four levels. Two procedures arranged asymmetrical numbers of reinforcers received for correct left‐ and right‐key responses (the reinforcer ratio). The controlled procedure ensured that the obtained ratio remained constant changes disparity, irrespective subjects' performances. In uncontrolled procedure, could covary with receiver operating charateristic (ROC) patterns from approximated...

Significance Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects 1:500 of the general population. Current drug therapy is used to manage symptoms in patients. There an unmet need for treatments that can prevent cardiomyopathy. Here we identify biomarkers hypertrophic resulting from causing cardiac troponin I mutation Gly203Ser, and present a safe, nontoxic, preventative approach treatment associated

Current clinical trials demonstrate Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients receiving phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) therapy exhibit improved ambulation and stable pulmonary function; however, cardiac abnormalities remain. Utilizing the same PMO chemistry as current trials, we have identified a non-toxic treatment regimen that restores metabolic activity prevents DMD cardiomyopathy. We propose of this nature may potential to significantly improve morbidity mortality from by...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a cascade of pathophysiological changes that are both complex and difficult to treat. Progesterone (P4) is neuroprotective treatment option has shown excellent preclinical benefits in the TBI, but these have not translated well clinic. We previously P4 exacerbates already hypoactive upper cortical responses short-term post-TBI does reduce hyperactivity long term, we concluded there no tangible benefit sensory cortex firing strength. Here examined...

Three pigeons were trained to discriminate between two line orientations ( S 1 and 2 ). A left‐key peck was correct when presented, a right key‐peck presented. In all procedures, responses occasionally reinforced with food paired the presentation of magazine light. Incorrect produced blackout. Six detection procedures used. first, signal ratio varied across conditions reinforcer allowed covary. second, held constant at 1:1 conditions. third, 1:1. these three that not scheduled for...

The aim of this study was to examine how risks and benefits cervical spine manipulation (CSM) were framed discussed in the context mentorship their impact on perception safe practice CSM clinical physiotherapy settings. A multi-method qualitative approach employed, including a document analysis established educational guidelines, observations mentoring sessions, individual face-to-face interviews with five mentees process learning CSM, four mentors Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy (OMPT)...

University students participated in one of four standard two‐choice signal‐detection experiments which signal presentation probability was varied and the reinforcement distribution held constant equal. In Experiments 1, 3 4, subjects' performance showed a systematic response bias for reporting stimulus presented least often. 1 4 that this effect reliable with extended training monetary, rather than point, reinforcement. Experiment 2, all correct responses were signaled some way, produced...

We have labeled recycling synaptic vesicles at the somatic Bufo marinus neuromuscular junction with styryl dye FM2-10 and provide direct evidence for refractoriness of exocytosis associated a muscle activity-dependent form long-term depression (LTD) this synapse. unloading experiments demonstrated that rate vesicle from release ready pool (RRP) was more than halved in LTD (induced by 20 min low frequency stimulation). Recovery LTD, observed as partial recovery nerve-evoked twitch amplitude,...